Variable transfer rate control coding apparatus

Abstract

A variable transfer rate coding apparatus codes moving picture signals of groups of pictures (GOPs). The picture signals are quantized under control of quantization step width and coded. A first code amount per GOP and a second code amount of picture data included GOP are obtained from the coded picture signals. In response to the first code amount, a total code amount of the picture signals of the GOPs are calculated and the total code amount is compared with a reference total code amount, to decide a first target code amount per GOP in order that the total code amount becomes a maximum amount within the reference total code amount. Further, in response to the first target code amount and the second code amount, a second target code amount of the picture data included in each GOP is determined in accordance with the maximum amount. The quantization step width is varied on the basis of the second target code amount.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A variable transfer rate coding apparatus for coding moving picture signals of .Iadd.a plurality of .Iaddend.groups of pictures, comprising: a quantizer for quantizing the .Iadd.moving .Iaddend.picture signals under control of quantization step width per group of pictures;   a coder for coding the quantized picture signals .Iadd.per group of pictures.Iaddend., the coding being executed .[.twice per group of pictures.]. by a first coding and a second coding .Iadd.executed after the first coding.Iaddend.;   code amount obtaining means for obtaining a first code amount of the coded picture signals per group of pictures coded by the first coding and a second code amount of .Iadd.the coded picture signals per .Iaddend.picture .[.data.]. .Iadd.or block-unit obtained by dividing the picture .Iaddend.included .[.per.]. .Iadd.in each .Iaddend.group of pictures .Iadd.coded by the first coding.Iaddend.;   first determining means, in response to the first code amount, for calculating a .Iadd.temporal .Iaddend.total code amount of the .Iadd.moving .Iaddend.picture signals of the .Iadd.plurality of .Iaddend.groups of pictures and comparing the .Iadd.temporal .Iaddend.total code amount with a reference total code amount, to decide a first target code amount .Iadd.for the second coding .Iaddend.per group of pictures in order that .[.the total code amount.]. .Iadd.a total code amount obtained by calculating the first target code amount .Iaddend.becomes a maximum amount within the reference total code amount;   second determining means, in response to the first target code amount and the second code amount, for determining a second target code amount .[.of.]. .Iadd.for .Iaddend.the .[.picture data.]. .Iadd.second coding per the picture or the block-unit .Iaddend.included in each group of pictures in accordance with the maximum amount .Iadd.of the total code amount.Iaddend.; and   control means for varying the quantization step width on the basis of the second target code amount for the second coding by the coder.   
     
     
       2. The variable transfer rate coding apparatus of claim 1, wherein the code amount obtaining means comprises: first counting means, in response to the coded picture signals per group of pictures, for sequentially counting code amounts of blocks per picture;   second counting means, in response to the code amounts of blocks, for sequentially counting code amounts of pictures in each group; and   third counting means, in response to the code amounts of pictures, for counting the first code amounts,   wherein at least either of a code amount of a block or a picture is obtained as the second code amount.   
     
     
       3. The variable transfer rate coding apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first determining means comprises: converting means for sequentially converting the first code amount per group of pictures into different code amounts by means of different conversion characteristics;   accumulating means for accumulating each different code amount per group of pictures over the groups of pictures to generate different total code amounts of the groups of pictures under the different conversion characteristics;   comparing means for comparing each of the different total code amounts with the maximum total code amount; and   third determining means for determining which one of the different total code amounts is the largest and the closest to the maximum total code amount, to output one of the conversion characteristics corresponding to the determined total code amount as the first target code amount.[., thus the second determining means converting the second code amount into the second target code amount by means of the outputted conversion characteristics.]..   
     
     
       4. The variable transfer rate coding apparatus of claim 1 further comprising comparing means for comparing the first code amount with the second target code amount to output quantization step width information for each block of a picture, thus the control means varying the quantization step width on the basis of the quantization step width information. 
     
     
       5. The variable transfer rate coding apparatus of claim 4, wherein the comparing means comprises: detecting means, in response to the coded picture signals, for detecting a code amount of each block;   subtracting means for subtracting the detected code amount from the second target code amount;   first comparing means for comparing a subtraction result of the subtracting means with a reference positive value and outputting a first comparison signal when the subtraction result is positive and .[.grater.]. .Iadd.greater .Iaddend.than the reference positive value;   second comparing means for comparing the subtraction result with a reference negative value and outputting a second comparison signal when the subtraction result is negative and .[.grater.]. .Iadd.greater .Iaddend.than the reference negative value; and   means, in response to the first comparison signal, for outputting a first quantization step width information, thus the control means narrowing the quantization step width, while in response to the second comparison signal, for outputting a second quantization step width information, thus the control means widening the quantization step width.