Method and apparatus for optimal hand-offs in a satellite cellular communication system

Abstract

A subscriber unit ( 26 ) communicates with a satellite communication system ( 10 ) that projects cells. The satellites ( 12 ) and cells move relative to the earth. During every other TDMA frame, a subscriber unit ( 26 ) measures the signal strength of all candidate hand-off beams. The signal strength of the current beam is compared to the signal strength of the candidate hand-off beams. When the signal strength of the current beam is not the strongest, a counter is incremented ( 108 ). A hand-off is requested to the beam with the greatest signal level when the counter exceeds a predetermined threshold. Accordingly, only after the current antenna beam has not been the strongest beam for a certain period of time, is a hand-off requested. A different counter threshold is used for candidate hand-off beams from other satellites ( 12 ).

What is claimed is:  
     
       1. A method of handing-off subscriber unit communications between cells of a cellular communication system comprising the steps of: 
       comparing a signal level of a current cell with signal levels of candidate hand-off cells;  
       incrementing a counter when a signal level of at least one of said candidate hand-off cells is greater than said signal level of said current cell, said counter being associated with said one candidate hand-off cell; and  
       initiating a hand-off request to one of said candidate hand-off cells when said counter exceeds a predetermined number. ,  
       whereby hand-offs to candidate hand-off cells are initiated by the subscriber unit after the signal level of a candidate hand-off cell is greater than said signal level of the current cell for a predetermined time, the predetermined period of time being proportional to the predetermined number.  
     
     
       2. A method as claimed in  claim 1 of handing-off subscriber unit communications between cells of a cellular communication system comprising the steps of: 
       
         comparing a signal level of a current cell with signal levels of candidate hand-off cells;  
       
       
         incrementing a counter when a signal level of at least one of said candidate hand-off cells is greater than said signal level of said current cell, said counter being associated with said one candidate hand-off cell; and  
       
       
         initiating a hand-off request to one of said candidate hand-off cells when said counter exceeds a predetermined number, 
       
       wherein said cellular communication system comprises at least one orbiting satellite that provides said cells, wherein said cells are moving relative to earth's surface, and wherein the comparing step further comprises the step of receiving a list of said candidate hand-off cells from said communication system, said candidate hand-off cells including only cells that may subsequently service a geographic location that said current cell is servicing, and wherein the incrementing step includes the step of incrementing a counter for each candidate hand-off cell when a signal level of said each candidate hand-off cell exceeds the predetermined number.  
     
     
       3. A method of handing-off subscriber unit communications between cells of a cellular communication system comprising the steps of: 
       comparing a signal level of a current cell with signal levels of candidate hand-off cells:  
       incrementing a counter when a signal level of at least one of said candidate hand-off cells is greater than said signal level of said current cell:  
       initiating a hand-off request to one of said candidate hand-off cells when said counter exceeds a predetermined number; and  
       receiving a cell ID within a broadcast channel provided by a satellite of said communication system, and  
       wherein the comparing step is performed by a subscriber unit that contains system configuration information stored therein, and wherein the comparing step further comprises the step of evaluating said system configuration information and said cell ID to determine said candidate hand-off cells.  
     
     
       4. A method as claimed in  claim 1  wherein a subscriber unit engages in communications with said cellular communication system through said current cell, and wherein the initiating step includes the step of providing said communication system with a cell ID of said one of said candidate hand-off cells, said system either granting or denying a hand-off to said one of said candidate hand-off cells, and 
       wherein the method further comprises the step of transferring said communications from said current cell to said one of said candidate hand-off cells in response to said initiating step.  
     
     
       5. A method of handing-off subscriber unit communications between cells of a cellular communication system wherein said subscriber unit communicates with a satellite communication station of said communication system using a time division multiplexed (TDM) frequency channel having TDM frames, the method comprising the steps of: 
       comparing a signal level of a current cell with signal levels of candidate hand-off cells:  
       incrementing a counter when a signal level of at least one of said candidate hand-off cells is greater than said signal level of said current cell:  
       initiating a hand-off request to one of said candidate hand-off cells when said counter exceeds a predetermined number; and  
       measuring a signal level of each of said candidate hand-off cells, and  
       wherein the measuring, the comparing and the incrementing steps are performed once for every other of said TDM frames.  
     
     
       6. A method as claimed in  claim 5  further comprising the step of repeating the measuring, comparing and incrementing steps for each of said TDM frames, 
       and wherein the initiating step is performed after a predetermined period of time has passed.  
     
     
       7. A method as claimed in  claim 6  wherein the incrementing step, said counter is associated with one of said candidate hand-off cells having a highest power level, and the initiating step further comprises the step of selecting said one of said candidate hand-off cells having a greatest accumulated count. 
     
     
       8. A method as claimed in  claim 7  wherein the incrementing step further comprises the step of incrementing a second counter associated with said current cell, and 
       wherein the initiating step comprises the step of initiating said hand-off request to said one cell when said second counter exceeds a first predetermined threshold, and  
       wherein the comparing, the incrementing and the initiating steps are performed by a subscriber unit.  
     
     
       9. A method as claimed in  claim 8  wherein said current cell is associated with a first satellite of said communication system, said method further comprising the step of determining if said one of said candidate hand-off cells having a greatest accumulated count is provided by a second satellite of said communication system, 
       and wherein the initiating step comprises the step of initiating said hand-off request to said one cell when said second counter exceeds a second predetermined threshold, said second predetermined threshold being greater than said first predetermined threshold.  
     
     
       10. A method as claimed in  claim 7  further comprising the step of resetting said counter when said signal level of said current cell is greater than said signal levels of said candidate hand-off cells compared in the comparing step. 
     
     
       11. A method of accessing a cellular communication system which projects a plurality of cells which move relative to earth's surface, said method comprising the steps of: 
       comparing signal levels of broadcast channels of a portion of said plurality of cells;  
       incrementing a counter associated with a cell of said portion having a greatest of said signal levels; and  
       initiating an acquisition request on an acquisition channel of one of said cells having a greatest accumulated counter. ,  
       whereby said acquisition request is initiated after the signal level of said one cell having the greatest of the signal level is greater than the signal level of other cells of the portion for a predetermined period of time.  
     
     
       12. A subscriber unit for operating in a cellular communication system which projects cells which move relative to earth's surface comprising: 
       a transceiver for receiving signals from a plurality of cells;  
       a processor for comparing a signal level of a current cell of said plurality with signal levels of other cells of said plurality, said other cells being candidate hand-off cells, each candidate hand-off cell having a counter associated therewith, and incrementing one of the counters when a signal level of at least one of said candidate hand-off cells is greater than said signal level of said current cell, said one counter being associated with said one candidate hand-off cell; and  
       a memory for storing said counter for each candidate hand-off cell,  
       wherein said subscriber unit initiates a hand-off request to one of said candidate hand-off cells when said counter exceeds a predetermined number. ,  
       whereby hand-offs to candidate hand-off cells are initiated by the subscriber unit after the signal level of a candidate hand-off cell is greater than said signal level of the current cell for a predetermined time, the predetermined period of time being proportional to the predetermined number.  
     
     
       13. A subscriber unit as claimed in  claim 12  wherein said cellular communication system comprises at least one orbiting satellite that provides said plurality of cells, wherein said plurality of cells is moving relative to earth's surface, and wherein the transceiver includes means for receiving a list of said candidate hand-off cells from said communication system, said candidate hand-off cells including only cells that may subsequently service a geographic location that said current cell is servicing. 
     
     
       14. A subscriber unit for operating in a cellular communication system which projects cells which move relative to earth's surface comprising: 
       a transceiver for receiving signals from a plurality of cells;  
       a processor for comparing a signal level of a current cell of said plurality with signal levels of other cells of said plurality, said other cells being candidate hand-off cells, and incrementing a counter when a signal level of at least one of said candidate hand-off cells is greater than said signal level of said current cell; and  
       a memory for storing said counter,  
       wherein said subscriber unit initiates a hand-off request to one of said candidate hand-off cells when said counter exceeds a predetermined number.  
       wherein the transceiver includes means for receiving a cell ID within a broadcast channel provided by a satellite of said communication system, and  
       wherein the memory contains system configuration information stored therein, and wherein the processor includes means for evaluating said system configuration information and said cell ID to determine said candidate hand-off cells.  
     
     
       15. A subscriber unit for operating in a cellular communication system which projects cells which move relative to earth's surface comprising: 
       a transceiver for receiving signals from a plurality of cells:  
       a processor for comparing a signal level of a current cell of said plurality with signal levels of other cells of said plurality, said other cells being candidate hand-off cells, and incrementing a counter when a signal level of at least one of said candidate hand-off cells is greater than said signal level of said current cell, said subscriber unit engaging in communications with said communication system through said current cell, wherein said subscriber unit initiates a hand-off request to one of said candidate hand-off cells when said counter exceeds a predetermined number;  
       a memory for storing said counter;  
       means for providing said communication system with a cell ID of said one of said candidate hand-off cells, said system either granting or denying a hand-off to said one of said candidate hand-off cells; and  
       means for transferring said communications from said current cell to said one of said candidate hand-off cells. ,  
       whereby hand-offs to candidate hand-off cells are initiated by the subscriber unit after the signal level of a candidate hand-off cell is greater than said signal level of the current cell for a predetermined time, the predetermined period of time being proportional to the predetermined number.  
     
     
       16. A subscriber unit for operating in a cellular communication system which projects cells which move relative to earth's surface comprising: 
       a transceiver for receiving signals from a plurality of cells;  
       a processor for comparing a signal level of a current cell of said plurality with signal levels of other cells of said plurality, said other cells being candidate hand-off cells, and incrementing a counter when a signal level of at least one of said candidate hand-off cells is greater than said signal level of said current cell; and  
       a memory for storing said counter,  
       wherein said subscriber unit initiates a hand-off request to one of said candidate hand-off cells when said counter exceeds a predetermined number,  
       wherein said transceiver includes means for communicating with a satellite communication station of said communication system using a time division multiplexed (TDM) frequency channel having TDM frames, and has means for measuring a signal level of each of said candidate hand-off cells, and  
       wherein the processor includes means for measuring said signal level of each of said candidate hand-off cells once for every other of said TDM frames.  
     
     
       17. A subscriber unit as claimed in  claim 16  wherein said processor initiates said hand-off request after a predetermined period of time has passed. 
     
     
       18. A subscriber unit as claimed in  claim 17  wherein said counter is associated with one of said candidate hand-off cells having a highest power level, and the processor has means for selecting said one of said candidate hand-off cells having a greatest accumulated count. 
     
     
       19. A subscriber unit as claimed in  claim 18  wherein the processor has means for incrementing a second counter associated with said current cell, and 
       initiating said hand-off request to said one cell when said second counter exceeds a first predetermined threshold.  
     
     
       20. A subscriber unit as claimed in  claim 19  wherein said current cell is associated with a first satellite of said communication system, said subscriber unit further comprising means for determining if said one of said candidate hand-off cells having a greatest accumulated count is provided by a second satellite of said communication system, 
       and said subscriber unit has means for initiating said hand-off request to said one cell when said second counter exceeds a second predetermined threshold, said second predetermined threshold being greater than said first predetermined threshold.  
     
     
       21. A subscriber unit as claimed in  claim 18  wherein the processor includes means for resetting said counter when said signal level of said current cell is greater than said signal levels of said candidate hand-off cells. 
     
     
       22. A method of accessing a cellular communication system which projects a plurality of cells which move relative to earth's surface, said method comprising the steps of: 
       comparing signal levels of broadcast channels of a portion of said plurality of cells;  
       incrementing a counter associated with a cell of said portion having a greatest of said signal levels; and  
       initiating an acquisition request on an acquisition channel of one of said cells having a greatest accumulated counter,  
       wherein the comparing step, said portion includes only cells that are presently servicing or may subsequently service a geographic location of said subscriber unit. ,  
       whereby said acquisition request is initiated after the signal level of said one cell having the greatest of the signal level is greater than the signal level of other cells of the portion for a predetermined period of time.  
     
     
       23. A method of handing- off subscriber unit communications between cells of a cellular communication system comprising the steps of: 
       
         comparing a signal level of a current cell with signal levels of candidate hand-off cells; and  
       
         initiating a hand-off request to one of the candidate hand - off cells when the signal level of the one candidate hand-off cell has exceeded the signal level of the current cell for at least a predetermined period of time,    
       
         whereby hand-off requests to candidate hand-off cells are initiated by the subscriber unit after the signal level of a candidate hand-off cell is greater than said signal level of the current cell for a predetermined time.  
       
     
     
       24. A method as claimed in  claim 23  wherein the comparing step includes the step of comparing the signal level of the current cell with candidate hand-off cells, the current cell and the candidate hand-off cells moving with respect to Earth's surface and being provided by satellites of the cellular communication system.  
     
     
       25. A method as claimed in  claim 24  further comprising the step of accumulating an amount of time the signal level of each candidate hand-off cell is greater than the signal level of the current cell, and wherein the initiating step includes the step of initiating the hand-off request to one of the candidate hand-off cells when the accumulated time has exceeded the predetermined period of time.  
     
     
       26. A subscriber unit for operating in a communication system comprising: 
       
         a transceiver for receiving signals from a plurality of cells projected by satellites of the communication system; and  
       
       
         a processor for comparing a signal level of a current cell with signal levels of candidate hand-off cells of the plurality,  
       
       
         the processor causing the transceiver to initiate a hand-off request to one of the candidate hand-off cells when the signal level of the one candidate hand-off cell has exceeded the signal level of the current cell for at least a predetermined period of time;  
       
       
         whereby hand-off requests to candidate hand-off cells are initiated by the subscriber unit after the signal level of a candidate hand-off cell is greater than said signal level of the current cell for said predetermined time.  
       
     
     
       27. A subscriber unit as claimed in  claim 26  wherein the processor accumulates amounts of time the signal level of each candidate hand-off cell is greater than the signal level of the current cell, and causes the transceiver to initiate a hand-off request to the one of the candidate hand-off cells when the amount of time accumulated for the one candidate hand-off cell exceeds the predetermined period of time.  
     
     
       28. A subscriber unit as claimed in  claim 27  wherein the transceiver receives signals from a plurality of cells projected from satellite nodes of the communication system, the cells moving with respect to Earth's surface.