Method and apparatus to determine and control the carbon content of steel in a BOF vessel

Abstract

Apparatus for determining in-blow % carbon content and/or the First Turn Down Carbon of a BOF heat includes a light sensor housed within a temperature regulated case having a sighting window including air wipe means to shield the light sensor from steelmaking dust and fume. The apparatus also includes a means to generate a signal that corresponds to the amount of oxygen blown into the BOF during a heat, and a programmable logic controller. The logic controller is programmed to continuously process oxygen blown signals from the signal generating means, and light intensity signals received from the light sensor. The program calculates continuous in-blow % carbon content of the heat based upon the difference in light intensity from a point of maximum light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel in relation to the amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel during the same period of time.

I claim:  
     
       1. A method of determining carbon content of a heat during an oxygen blow into a BOF vessel, comprising: 
       a) measuring light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel including;  
       i) measuring an (ILI) value indicative of an increase in light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel,  
       ii) measuring a (DLI) value indicative of a decrease in light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel, and  
       iii) calculating a DLI/ILI ratio;  
       b) measuring an amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel;  
       c) calculating in-blow % carbon content of the heat using said DLI/ILI ratio and said amount of oxygen blown;  
       d) discontinuing the oxygen blow into the BOF vessel when an in-blow % carbon content equal to an aim carbon for the heat is calculated; and  
       e) tapping the heat having said in-blown % carbon content calculated equal to said aim carbon for further processing into a finished steel product.  
     
     
       2. The method according to  claim 1  wherein the step measuring said light intensity includes; :  
       a) measuring an increase in light intensity (ILI) between a start of the oxygen blow to a point of maximum light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel,  
       b) measuring a decrease in light intensity (DLI), from said point of maximum light intensity, and  
       c) calculating a DLI/ILI ratio for use in the step calculating said in-blow % carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown.  
     
     
       3. The method according to  claim 2  wherein: 
       a) the step measuring said decrease in light intensity (DLI) is continuous;  
       b) the step calculating said DLI/ILI ratio is continuous; and  
       c) the step calculating in-blow % carbon content of the heat is continuous.  
     
     
       4. The method according to  claim 3  wherein said DLI/ILI ratio is calculated until the oxygen blow is discontinued. 
     
     
       5. The method according to  claim 1  wherein the step measuring said amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel includes measuring continuously an amount of oxygen blown from a point of maximum light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel (DO 2 ), said DO 2  being used in the step calculating said in-blow % carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown. 
     
     
       6. The method according to  claim 5  wherein said DO 2  is measured continuously until an aim carbon is calculated in the step calculating said in-blow % carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown. 
     
     
       7. The method according to  claim 5  wherein said DO 2  is measured continuously until the oxygen blow is discontinued. 
     
     
       8. The method according to  claim 5  including the further step of measuring an amount of oxygen blown from a kink in said light intensity measurements until the oxygen blow is discontinued (DO 2 kink), said DO 2 kink being used in the step calculating said in-blow % carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown. 
     
     
       9. A method of determining carbon content of a heat during an oxygen blow into a BOF vessel, comprising: 
       a) measuring an increase in light intensity (ILI) emitted from the BOF vessel between a start of the oxygen blow and a point of maximum light intensity;  
       b) measuring a difference in light intensity (DLI) at a point of any given time between said point of maximum light intensity and an end of the oxygen blow;  
       c) measuring an amount of oxygen blown (DO 2 ) at said point of any given time between said point of maximum light intensity and said end of the oxygen blow;  
       cd) determining DLI/ILI variables from said DLI measurements and from said ILI measurements;  
       de) determining DO 2  variables from said DO 2  measurements;  
       df) calculating in-blow % carbon content of the heat based upon said DLI/ILI variables and said DO 2  variables;  
       eg) discontinuing the oxygen blow when an in-blow % carbon content equal to an aim carbon for the heat is calculated; and  
       fh) tapping the heat having said in-blown % carbon content calculated equal to said aim carbon for further processing into a finished steel product.  
     
     
       10. The method according to  claim 9  including the further steps of: 
       a) measuring an amount of oxygen blown at a point of any given time between a kink in said DLI measurements and said end of the oxygen blow (DO 2 kink);  
       b) determining DO 2 kink variables from said DO 2 kink measurements; and  
       c) calculating in-blow % carbon content of the heat based upon said DLI/ILI variables, said DO 2  variables, and said DO 2 kink variables.  
     
     
       11. The method according to  claim 9  wherein said in-blow % carbon content is calculated continuously. 
     
     
       12. The method according to  claim 10  wherein said in-blow % carbon content is calculated continuously. 
     
     
       13. A method of determining carbon content of a heat during an oxygen blow into a BOF vessel, comprising: 
       a) providing at least one sensor to measure visible light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel (LI);  
       b) measuring with said at least one sensor said LI between a start of the oxygen blow and a point of maximum LI, said at least one sensor generating at least two LI signals for use in a PLC to calculate at least one value indicative of an increase in light intensity (ILI);  
       c) measuring with said at least one sensor continuous LI measurements between said point of maximum LI and an end of the oxygen blow, said at least one sensor generating continuous realtime LI signals for use in said PLC to calculate continuous realtime values for a decrease in light intensity (DLI);  
       d) generating for use in said PLC continuous realtime O 2  signals indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between said point of maximum LI and said end of the oxygen blow (DO 2 );  
       e) predicting a continuous in-blow % carbon content of the heat based upon said at least one ILI value, said continuous realtime DLI values and said continuous realtime DO 2  amounts; and  
       f) discontinuing the oxygen blow when an in-blow % carbon content predicted equal to an aim carbon; and  
       g) tapping the heat having said in-blow % carbon content predicted equal to said aim carbon for further processing into a finished steel product.  
     
     
       14. The method according to  claim 13  including the further step of generating for use in said PLC continuous realtime O 2  signals indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between a kink in said LI measurements and said end of the oxygen blow (DO 2 kink). 
     
     
       15. The method according to  claim 14  wherein said in-blow % carbon content is predicted based upon at least one ILI value, said continuous realtime DLI values, said continuous realtime DO 2  amounts and said continuous realtime DO 2 kink amounts. 
     
     
       16. The method according to  claim 13  wherein said in-blow % carbon content is calculated based upon a continuous realtime DLI/ILI ratio and said continuous realtime DO 2  amounts. 
     
     
       17. The method according to  claim 15  wherein said in-blow % carbon content is calculated based upon said  a continuous realtime DLI/ILI ratio, said continuous realtime DO 2  amounts and said continuous realtime DO 2 kink amounts. 
     
     
       18. The method according to  claim 13  including the further step of displaying continuous predicted in-blow % carbon content starting at a carbon range of about 0.05% and below. 
     
     
       19. Apparatus for determining in-blow % carbon content in a BOF vessel, comprising: 
       a) means for generating a realtime signal indicative of the amount of oxygen blown into a BOF vessel;  
       b) means for generating a realtime signal indicative of the visible light emitted from a BOF vessel during an oxygen blow; and  
       c) means for calculating in-blow % carbon content of steel in the BOF vessel based upon:  
       i) a DLI/ILI ratio where (DLI) is a value indicative of a decrease in said visible light and (ILI) is a value indicative of an increase in said visible light, and  
       ii) a DO 2  value indicative of an amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel between said (DLI) value and said (ILI) value.  
     
     
       20. The apparatus of  claim 19  including means for calculating in-blow % carbon content based upon: 
       a) a DLI/ILI ratio comprising; :  
       i) at least one (ILI) value indicative of an increase in said visible light between a start of the oxygen blow to a point of maximum visible light intensity, and  
       ii) continuous realtime (DLI) values indicative of a continuing decrease in said visible light between said point of maximum visible light intensity and an end of the oxygen blow; and  
       b) continuous realtime DO 2  values indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between said point of maximum visible light intensity and said end of the oxygen blow.  
     
     
       21. The apparatus of  claim 20  including means for calculating in-blow % carbon content based upon: 
       a) a DLI/ILI ratio comprising;  
       i) at least one (ILI) value indicative of an increase in said visible light between a start of the oxygen blow to a point of maximum visible light intensity, and  
       ii) continuous realtime (DLI) values indicative of a continuing decrease in said visible light between said point of maximum visible light intensity and an end of the oxygen blow;  
       b) continuous realtime DO 2  values indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between said point of maximum visible light intensity and said end of the oxygen blow; and  
       c) continuous realtime DO 2 kink values indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between a kink in said realtime signal indicative of the visible light emitted from a BOF vessel and said end of the oxygen blow.  
     
     
       22. Apparatus for determining carbon content of a heat during an oxygen blow into a BOF vessel comprising: 
       a) a light meter including;  
       i) a housing having an interior space to accommodate a light sensor having means to generate signals indicative of visible light;  
       ii) a cold air supply communicating with said interior space;  
       iii) a sighting window extending through a wall of said housing to expose said light sensor to light emitted from the BOF vessel;  
       iiii) an air wipe flowing at a velocity through said sighting window to prevent outside contaminates from entering said interior space;  
       iiiii) an adjustment means to regulate said velocity of said air wipe;  
       b) means to measure and generate signals indicative of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel; and  
       c) a PLC having means to calculate in-blow % carbon content based upon said oxygen blown signals and said visible light signals received from said light meter.  
     
     
       23. A light meter comprising: 
       a) a housing having an interior space to accommodate a light sensor capable of generating light intensity signals;  
       b) a cold air supply communicating with said interior space;  
       c) a sighting window extending through a wall of said housing to expose said light sensor to light emitted from the BOF vessel;  
       d) an air wipe flowing at a velocity through said sighting window to prevent outside contaminants from entering said interior space;  
       e) an adjustment means to regulate said velocity of said air wipe.  
     
     
       24. The apparatus of  claim 23  wherein said air wipe encircles said light sensor. 
     
     
       25. The apparatus of  claim 23  wherein said adjustment means is adjustable toward or away from said sighting window to regulate said velocity of said air wipe flowing through said sighting window. 
     
     
       26. The apparatus of  claim 23  wherein said adjustment means comprises: 
       a) mounting plate slidably attached to a wall of said housing for movement toward or away from said sighting window;  
       b) a clamp attached to a first end of said mounting plate adjacent said sighting window, said clamp adapted to hold a light sensitive portion of said light sensor parallel to said sighting window; and  
       c) a screw means attached to a second end of said mounting plate opposite said first end, said screw also attached to said housing to provide a force to move said mounting plate toward or away from said sighting window.  
     
     
       27. The apparatus of  claim 23  including means to regulate the temperature of the cold air supply communicating with said interior space. 
     
     
       28. The method according to  claim 3  wherein said DLI/ILI ratio is calculated until an aim carbon is calculated in the step calculating said in-blow % carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown. 
     
     
       29. A method of determining carbon content of a heat during an oxygen blow into a BOF vessel, comprising: 
         a )  measuring the intensity of a flame in the BOF vessel including:    
         i )  measuring to a maximum a first value indicative of an increase in flame intensity,    
         ii )  measuring from the maximum a second value indicative of a decrease in flame intensity, and    
         iii )  calculating a ratio value of drop in said flame intensity based on said first and second values;    
         b )  measuring an amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel; and    
         c )  calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat using said ratio value and said amount of oxygen blown.   
     
     
       30. The method of  claim 29 , wherein said steps of measuring said first and second values are performed by measuring light emitted by said flame. 
     
     
       31. The method of  claim 29 , wherein said steps of measuring said first and second values are performed by measuring visible light emitted by said flame. 
     
     
       32. Apparatus for determining in- blow  %  carbon content in a BOF vessel, comprising:    
         a )  means for generating a realtime signal indicative of the amount of oxygen blown into a BOF vessel;    
         b )  means for generating a realtime signal indicative of the intensity of a flame in a BOF vessel during an oxygen blow; and    
         c )  means for calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of steel in the BOF vessel based upon:    
         i )  a ratio value of drop in said intensity of the flame, which is calculated based on a first value indicative of a decrease in said intensity from a maximum and a second value indicative of an increase in said intensity to the maximum, and    
         ii )  a DO   2    value indicative of an amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel between said first and second value.   
     
     
       33. A method of determining carbon content of a heat during an oxygen blow into a BOF vessel, comprising: 
         a )  measuring light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel including:    
         i )  measuring an  ( ILI )  value indicative of an increase in light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel,    
         ii )  measuring a  ( DLI )  value indicative of a decrease in light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel, and    
         iii )  calculating a ratio value of drop in said light intensity based on DLI and ILI;    
         b )  measuring an amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel;    
         c )  calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat using said ratio value and said amount of oxygen blown;    
         d )  discontinuing the oxygen blow into the BOF vessel when an in - blow  %  carbon content equal to an aim carbon for the heat is calculated; and    
         e )  tapping the heat having said in - blow  %  carbon content calculated equal to said aim carbon for further processing into a finished steel product.   
     
     
       34. The method according to  claim 33  wherein the step measuring said light intensity includes: 
         a )  measuring an increase in light intensity  ( ILI )  between a start of the oxygen blow to a point of maximum light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel,    
         b )  measuring a decrease in light intensity  ( DLI ) , from said point of maximum light intensity, and    
         c )  calculating said ratio value for use in the step calculating said in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown.   
     
     
       35. The method according to  claim 34  wherein: 
         a )  the step measuring said decrease in light intensity  ( DLI )  is continuous;    
         b )  the step calculating said ratio value is continuous; and    
         c )  the step calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat is continuous.   
     
     
       36. The method according to  claim 35  wherein said ratio value is calculated until the oxygen blow is discontinued. 
     
     
       37. The method according to  claim 33  wherein the step measuring said amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel includes measuring continuous an amount of oxygen blown from a point of maximum light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel ( DO   2 ) , said DO   2    being used in the step calculating said in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown.   
     
     
       38. The method according to  claim 37  wherein said DO 2    is measured continuously until an aim carbon is calculated in the step calculating said in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown.   
     
     
       39. The method according to  claim 37  wherein said DO 2    is measured continuously until the oxygen blow is discontinued.   
     
     
       40. The method according to  claim 37  including the further step of measuring an amount of oxygen blown from a kink in said light intensity measurements until the oxygen blow is discontinued ( DO   2    kink ) , said DO   2    kink being used in the step calculating said in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown.   
     
     
       41. A method of determining carbon content of a heat during an oxygen blow into a BOF vessel, comprising: 
         a )  measuring an increase in light intensity  ( ILI )  emitted from the BOF vessel between a start of the oxygen blow and a point of maximum light intensity;    
         b )  measuring a difference in light intensity  ( DLI )  at a point of any given time between said point of maximum light intensity and an end of the oxygen blow;    
         c )  measuring an amount of oxygen blown  ( DO   2 )  at said point of any given time between said point of maximum light intensity and said end of the oxygen blow;    
         d )  determining ratio values of drop in said light intensity from said DLI measurements and from said ILI measurements;    
         e )  determining DO   2    variables from said DO   2    measurements;    
         f )  calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said ratio values and said DO   2    variables;    
         g )  discontinuing the oxygen blow when an in - blow  %  carbon content equal to an aim carbon for the heat is calculated; and    
         h )  tapping the heat having said in - blow  %  carbon content calculated equal to said aim carbon for further processing into a finished steel product.   
     
     
       42. The method according to  claim 41  including the further steps of: 
         a )  measuring an amount of oxygen blown at a point of any given time between a kink in said DLI measurements and said end of the oxygen blow  ( DO   2    kink );  
         b )  determining DO   2    kink variables from said DO   2    kink measurements; and    
         c )  calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said ratio values, said DO   2    variables, and said DO   2    kink variables.   
     
     
       43. The method according to  claim 41  wherein said in- blow  %  carbon content is calculated continuously.   
     
     
       44. The method according to  claim 42  wherein said in- blow  %  carbon content is calculated continuously.   
     
     
       45. Apparatus for determining in- blow  %  carbon content in a BOF vessel, comprising:    
         a )  means for generating a realtime signal indicative of the amount of oxygen blown into a BOF vessel;    
         b )  means for generating a realtime signal indicative of the visible light emitted from a BOF vessel during an oxygen blow; and    
         c )  means for calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of steel in the BOF vessel based upon;    
         i )  a ratio value of drop in light intensity which is calculated based on a value  ( DLI )  indicative of a decrease in said visible light and a value  ( ILI )  indicative of an increase in said visible light, and    
         ii )  a DO   2    value indicative of an amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel between said  ( DLI )  value and said  ( ILI )  value.   
     
     
       46. The apparatus of  claim 45  including means for calculating in- blow  %  carbon content based upon:    
         a )  a ratio value of drop in light intensity calculated based upon;    
         i )  at least one  ( ILI )  value indicative of an increase in said visible light between a start of the oxygen blow to a point of maximum visible light intensity, and    
         ii )  continuous realtime  ( DLI )  values indicative of a continuing decrease in said visible light between said point of maximum visible light intensity and an end of the oxygen blow; and    
         b )  continuous realtime DO   2    values indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between said point of maximum visible light intensity and said end of the oxygen blow.   
     
     
       47. The apparatus of  claim 46  including means for calculating in- blow  %  carbon content based upon:    
         a )  a ratio value of drop in light intensity calculated based upon:    
         i )  at least one  ( ILI )  value indicative of an increase in said visible light between a start of the oxygen blow to a point of maximum visible light intensity, and    
         ii )  continuous realtime  ( DLI )  values indicative of a continuing decrease in said visible light between said point of maximum visible light intensity and an end of the oxygen blow;    
         b )  continuous realtime DO   2    values indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between said point of maximum visible light intensity and said end of the oxygen blow; and    
         c )  continuous realtime DO   2    kink values indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between a kink in said realtime signal indicative of the visible light emitted from a BOF vessel and said end of the oxygen blow.   
     
     
       48. A method of determining carbon content of a heat during an oxygen blow into a BOF vessel, comprising: 
         a )  measuring light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel including:    
         i )  measuring in a predetermined unit of measurement an  ( ILI )  value indicative of an increase in light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel,    
         ii )  measuring in said predetermined unit of measurement a  ( DLI )  value indicative of a decrease in light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel, and    
         iii )  calculating a ratio value of drop in said light intensity based on DLI and ILI;    
         b )  measuring an amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel;    
         c )  calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat using said ratio value and said amount of oxygen blown;    
         d )  discontinuing the oxygen blow into the BOF vessel when an in - blow  %  carbon content equal to an aim carbon for the heat is calculated; and    
         e )  tapping the heat having said in - blown  %  carbon content calculated equal to said aim carbon for further processing into a finished steel product.   
     
     
       49. The method according to  claim 48  wherein the step measuring said light intensity includes: 
         a )  measuring an increase in light intensity  ( ILI )  between a start of the oxygen blow to a point of maximum light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel,    
         b )  measuring a decrease in light intensity  ( DLI ) , from said point of maximum light intensity, and    
         c )  calculating said ratio value for use in the step calculating said in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown.   
     
     
       50. The method according to  claim 49  wherein: 
         a )  the step measuring said decrease in light intensity  ( DLI )  is continuous;    
         b )  the step calculating said ratio value is continuous; and    
         c )  the step calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat is continuous.   
     
     
       51. The method according to  claim 50  wherein said ratio value is calculated until the oxygen blow is discontinued. 
     
     
       52. The method according to  claim 48  wherein the step measuring said amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel includes measuring continuously an amount of oxygen blown from a point of maximum light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel ( DO   2 ) , said DO   2    being used in the step calculating said in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown.   
     
     
       53. The method according to  claim 52  wherein said DO 2    is measured continuously until an aim carbon is calculated in the step calculating said in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown.   
     
     
       54. The method according to  claim 52  wherein said DO 2    is measured continuously until the oxygen blow is discontinued.   
     
     
       55. The method according to  claim 52  including the further step of measuring an amount of oxygen blown from a kink in said light intensity measurements until the oxygen blow is discontinued ( DO   2    kink ) , said DO   2  kink being used in the step calculating said in- blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said light intensity and said amount of oxygen blown.   
     
     
       56. A method of determining carbon content of a heat during an oxygen blow into a BOF vessel, comprising: 
         a )  measuring in a predetermined unit of measuring an increase in light intensity  ( ILI )  emitted from the BOF vessel between a start of the oxygen blow and a point of maximum light intensity;    
         b )  measuring in said predetermined unit of measurement a difference in light intensity  ( DLI )  at a point of any given time between said point of maximum light intensity and an end of the oxygen blow;    
         c )  measuring an amount of oxygen blown  ( DO   2 )  at said point of any given time between said point of maximum light intensity and said end of the oxygen blow;    
         d )  determining ratio values of drop in said light intensity from said DLI measurements and from said ILI measurements;    
         e )  determining DO   2    variables from said DO   2    measurements;    
         f )  calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said ratio values and said DO   2    variables;    
         g )  discontinuing the oxygen blow when an in - blow  %  carbon content equal to an aim carbon for the heat is calculated; and    
         h )  tapping the heat having said in - blown  %  carbon content calculated equal to said aim carbon for further processing into a finished steel product.   
     
     
       57. The method according to  claim 56  including the further steps of: 
         a )  measuring an amount of oxygen blown at a point of any given time between a kink in said DLI measurements and said end of the oxygen blow  ( DO   2    kink );  
         b )  determining DO   2    kink variables from said DO   2    kink measurements; and    
         c )  calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of the heat based upon said ratio values, said DO   2    variables, and said DO   2    kink variables.   
     
     
       58. The method according to  claim 56  wherein said in- blow  %  carbon content is calculated continuously.   
     
     
       59. The method according to  claim 57  wherein said in- blow  %  carbon content is calculated continuously.   
     
     
       60. Apparatus for determining in- blow  %  carbon content in a BOF vessel, comprising:    
         a )  means for generating a realtime signal indicative of the amount of oxygen blown into a BOF vessel;    
         b )  means for generating a realtime signal indicative of the visible light emitted from a BOF vessel during an oxygen blow; and    
         c )  means for calculating in - blow  %  carbon content of steel in the BOF vessel based upon:    
         i )  a ratio value of drop in light intensity which is calculated based on a value  ( DLI )  indicative of a decrease in said visible light and a value  ( ILI )  indicative of an increase in said visible light, and    
         ii )  a DO   2    value indicative of an amount of oxygen blown into the BOF vessel between said  ( DLI )  value and said  ( ILI )  value.   
     
     
       61. The apparatus of  claim 60  including means for calculating in- blow  %  carbon content based upon:    
         a )  a ratio value of drop in light intensity calculated based upon:    
         i )  at least one  ( ILI )  value indicative of an increase in said visible light between a start of the oxygen blow to a point of maximum visible light intensity, and    
         ii )  continuous realtime  ( DLI )  values indicative of a continuing decrease in said visible light between said point of maximum visible light intensity and an end of the oxygen blow; and    
         b )  continuous realtime DO   2    values indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between said point of maximum visible light intensity and said end of the oxygen blow.   
     
     
       62. The apparatus of  claim 61  including means for calculating in- blow  %  carbon content based upon:    
         a )  a ratio value of drop in light intensity calculated based upon:    
         i )  at least one  ( ILI )  value indicative of an increase in said visible light between a start of the oxygen blow to a point of maximum visible light intensity, and    
         ii )  continuous realtime  ( DLI )  values indicative of a continuing decrease in said visible light between said point of maximum visible light intensity and an end of the oxygen blow;    
         b )  continuous realtime DO   2    values indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between said point of maximum visible light intensity and said end of the oxygen blow; and    
         c )  continuous realtime DO   2    kink values indicative of an amount of oxygen blown between a kink in said realtime signal indicative of the visible light emitted from a BOF vessel and said end of the oxygen blow.   
     
     
       63. The apparatus of  claim 32 , wherein said means for calculating in- blow  %  carbon content includes means for detecting said intensity of the flame based on light emitted by the flame.   
     
     
       64. The apparatus of  claim 32 , wherein said means for calculating in- blow  %  carbon content includes means for detecting said intensity of the flame based on visible light emitted by the flame.   
     
     
       65. The apparatus of  claim 33 , wherein said step of measuring light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel is performed by measuring visible light intensity emitted from the BOF vessel.