Enhancement of the cellular immune response

Abstract

DTH-Effector cells are printed with carbohydrate antigens and used to enhance the cellular immune response. Tumors have been inhibited by DTH-Effector cells primed with epiglycanin and with synthetic T and Tn antigens. Either the DTH-Effector cells, or these tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens directly, may be used for tumor prophylaxis and therapy.

What is claimed is:  
     
       1. A method of enhancing cellular immunity in a manual which consists essentially of administering an immunologically effective amount of a carbohydrate antigenic determinant-bearing antigen, said antigen being a synthetic conjugate of a synthetic carbohydrate antigenic determinant and a non-tumor associated immunogenic carrier not naturally associated with said determinant, said mammal subsequently exhibiting a cellular immune response elicited by said antigen and specific to the carbohydrate antigenic determinant of said antigen, said response being mediated by the DTH-effector cells of said mammal, said cells having a CD5 positive, CD8 negative phenotype. 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1  in which the immunity is immunity to tumors and the carbohydrate antigen is tumor-associated. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1  in which the determinant is the Tn determinant. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1  in which the determinant is the T determinant. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 2  in which the amount of carbohydrate antigen is selected so that the cellular immune response predominates over the humoral immune response. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 2  in which the carbohydrate antigen is a glycoprotein. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1  in which the mammal is a human being. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1  in which the carbohydrate determinant is associated with adenocarcinomas. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1  in which the carrier is a protein. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 1  in which the conjugate is a glycoprotein. 
     
     
       11. A method of enhancing cellular immunity in a mammal which comprises administering to the mammal an immunologically effective amount of a carbohydrate antigenic determinant bearing antigen, said antigen being a synthetic conjugate comprising a carbohydrate antigenic determinant and a immunogenic carrier not naturally conjugated with said determinant, said mammal subsequently exhibiting a cellular immune response elicited by said antigen and specific to the carbohydrate antigenic determinant of said antigen. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 11  where said antigen consists essentially of said determinant and said carrier. 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 11  which consists essentially of administering said antigen. 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 12  which consists essentially of administering said antigen. 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 11  in which said determinant is synthetic. 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 12  in which said determinant is synthetic. 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 13  in which said determinant is synthetic. 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 14  in which said determinant is synthetic. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 11 , wherein an adjuvant is also administered. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 11 , wherein the response is mediated by the DTH effector cells of said mammal, said cells having a CD 5  positive, CD 8  negative phenotype. 
     
     
       21. The method of  claim 11  in which the immunity is immunity to tumors and the determinant is tumor-associated. 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 11  in which the determinant is the Tn determinant. 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 11  in which the determinant is the T determinant. 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 11  in which the amount of carbohydrate antigen is selected so that the cellular immune response predominates over the humoral immune response. 
     
     
       25. The method of  claim 11  in which the tumor-associated determinant is naturally associated in tumors with a glycoprotein. 
     
     
       26. The method of  claim 11  in which the mammal is a human being. 
     
     
       27. The method of  claim 11  in which the carbohydrate determinant is associated with adenocarcinomas. 
     
     
       28. The method of  claim 11  in which the carrier is a protein. 
     
     
       29. The method of  claim 11  wherein the carbohydrate antigen is a mucin. 
     
     
       30. The method of  claim 11  in which the determinant comprises the Tn structure. 
     
     
       31. The method of  claim 11  in which the determinant comprises the T-alpha of T-beta structure. 
     
     
       32. The method of  claim 11  in which the determinant is a monosaccharide. 
     
     
       33. The method of  claim 11  in which the determinant is a disaccharide. 
     
     
       34. The method of  claim 11  in which the carrier is carbohydrate so that the antigen is a polysaccharide. 
     
     
       35. The method of  claim 11  in which the carrier is lipid so that the antigen is a glycolipid. 
     
     
       36. The method of  claim 11  where said antigen comprises a carbohydrate chain of epiglycanin. 
     
     
       37. The method of  claim 11  in which the carbohydrate determinant is associated with a mammary adenocarcinoma. 
     
     
       38. The method of  claim 11  where said antigen comprises a carbohydrate chain of a mucin. 
     
     
       39. The method of  claim 11  in which the mucin is tumor-associated. 
     
     
       40. The method of  claim 18 , wherein an adjuvant is also administered. 
     
     
       41. The method of  claim 40 , wherein the response is mediated by the DTH effector cells of said mammal, said cells having a CD 5  positive, CD 8  negative phenotype. 
     
     
       42. The method of  claim 41  in which the immunity is immunity to tumors and the determinant is tumor-associated. 
     
     
       43. The method of  claim 42  in which the determinant is the Tn determinant. 
     
     
       44. The method of  claim 42  in which the determinant is the T determinant. 
     
     
       45. The method of  claim 42  in which the amount of carbohydrate antigen is a selected so that the cellular immune response predominates over the humoral immune response. 
     
     
       46. The method of  claim 42  in which the tumor-associated determinant is naturally associated in tumors with a glycoprotein. 
     
     
       47. The method of  claim 41  in which the mammal is a human being. 
     
     
       48. The method of  claim 41  in which the carbohydrate determinant is associated with adenocarcinomas. 
     
     
       49. The method of  claim 41  in which the carrier is a protein. 
     
     
       50. The method of  claim 18  wherein the carbohydrate antigen is a mucin. 
     
     
       51. The method of  claim 18  in which the determinant comprises the Tn structure. 
     
     
       52. The method of  claim 18  in which the determinant comprises the T-alpha or T-beta structure. 
     
     
       53. The method of  claim 41  in which the determinant is a monosaccharide. 
     
     
       54. The method of  claim 41  in which the determinant is a disaccharide. 
     
     
       55. The method of  claim 11  in which the carrier is non-tumor associated. 
     
     
       56. The method of  claim 21  in which the carrier is non-tumor associated. 
     
     
       57. The method of  claim 11  in which said carrier is not naturally associated with said determinant. 
     
     
       58. A method of enhancing cellular immunity in a mammal which consists essentially of administering an immunologically effective amount of a carbohydrate antigenic determinant-bearing antigen, said antigen being a synthetic conjugate of a synthetic carbohydrate antigenic determinant and a immunogenic carrier not naturally associated with said determinant, said mammal subsequently exhibiting a cellular immune response elicited by said antigen and specific to the carbohydrate antigenic determinant of said antigen, said response being mediated by the DTH-effector cells of said mammal, said cells having a CD 5  positive, CD 8  negative phenotype. 
     
     
       59. A method of enhancing cellular immunity in a mammal which comprises administering to the mammal an immunologically effective amount of a carbohydrate antigenic determinant bearing antigen, where said antigen is a polysaccharide, said antigen being a synthetic conjugate comprising a carbohydrate antigenic determinant and an immunogenic carrier, said mammal subsequently exhibiting a cellular immune response elicited by said antigen and specific to the carbohydrate antigenic determinant of said antigen. 
     
     
       60. A method of enhancing cellular immunity in a mammal which comprises administering to the mammal an immunologically effective amount of a carbohydrate antigenic determinant bearing antigen, where said antigen is a glycolipid, said antigen being a synthetic conjugate comprising a carbohydrate antigenic determinant and an immunogenic carrier, said mammal subsequently exhibiting a cellular immune response elicited by said antigen and specific to the carbohydrate antigenic determinant of said antigen. 
     
     
       61. The method of  claim 1  wherein said carbohydrate antigenic determinant is specific to a pathogen selected from the group consisting of fungi, parasites, viruses and cancer cells, and said conjugate does not comprise any peptide antigenic determinant specific to said pathogen. 
     
     
       62. The method of  claim 61  where said specific carbohydrate antigenic determinant is tumor-specific and said conjugate does not comprise any tumor-specific peptide antigenic determinants. 
     
     
       63. The method of  claim 11  where said synthetic conjugate does not comprise any peptide antigenic determinant naturally conjugated to said carbohydrate antigenic determinant.