Polymerizable isolation barriers with reduced polymerization strength and methods for forming and using such barriers

Abstract

The polymerizable dental isolation barrier has a monomer and an initiator. The barrier composition has at least one additive including a polymer strength reducer, a wet tissue adherence accentuator, and a reflective material. The polymer strength reducer is an organic compound that prevents complete polymerization. The tissue adherence accentuator enables the barrier to adhere to a dental substrate even after polymerization. The reflective material lowers the reaction rate and lowers the production of excess heat to reduce patient discomfort and to avoid tissue damage.

1. A polymerizable isolation barrier for isolating a dental substrate to confine a dental treatment composition to an area defined by the isolation barrier, the polymerizable isolation barrier comprising the mixture products of:
 at least one monomer;  
 at least one curing agent for curing the at least one monomer; and  
 at least one organic polymerization strength reducer, different than the at least one monomer, for reducing strength of the polymerizable isolation barrier.  
 
     
     
       2. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one monomer includes at least one of an alkylmethacrylate, an alkylhydroxymethacrylate, or an alkylaminomethacrylate. 
     
     
       3. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one monomer includes at least one of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, butane di-ol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycerol dimethacrylate, bis-GMA, or urethane dimethacrylate. 
     
     
       4. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one monomer is included in a concentration from about 50% to about 99% by weight of the polymerizable isolation barrier. 
     
     
       5. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer includes at least one alcohol. 
     
     
       6. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer includes cetyl alcohol. 
     
     
       7. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer includes stearyl alcohol. 
     
     
       8. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer includes at least one polyol. 
     
     
       9. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer includes at least one oil. 
     
     
       10. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer is included in a concentration from about 1% to about 30% by weight of the polymerizable isolation barrier. 
     
     
       11. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer is in sufficient concentration to lower the ability of the at least one monomer to polymerize. 
     
     
       12. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the at least one organic polymerization strength reducer is in sufficient concentration to facilitate removal of the a polymerized isolation barrier from the a dental substrate by hand or by a dental tool. 
     
     
       13. A method of making a polymerizable isolation barrier for isolating a dental substrate to confine a dental treatment composition to an area defined by the isolation barrier, the method comprising mixing together at least one monomer, at least one curing agent for curing the at least one monomer, and at least one organic polymerization strength reducer, different than the at least one monomer, for reducing strength of the polymerizable isolation barrier. 
     
     
       14. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer includes at least one polyol selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, and propylene glycol. 
     
     
       15. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer includes mineral oil. 
     
     
       16. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , further comprising at least one tissue adherence accentuator, the at least one tissue adherence accentuator comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of gums, cellulose materials, polyols having a molecular weight of at least about  600 , and polymers. 
     
     
       17. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 16 , wherein the at least one tissue adherence accentuator includes at least one gum. 
     
     
       18. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 16 , wherein the at least one tissue adherence accentuator includes at least one gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum, and tragacanth gum. 
     
     
       19. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 16 , wherein the at least one tissue adherence accentuator includes at least one cellulose material. 
     
     
       20. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 16 , wherein the at least one tissue adherence accentuator includes at least one cellulose material selected from the group consisting of ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose. 
     
     
       21. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 16 , wherein the at least one tissue adherence accentuator includes at least one high molecular weight polyol. 
     
     
       22. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 16 , wherein the at least one tissue adherence accentuator includes at least one polyol having a molecular weight of at least about 600 and that includes at least one of polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol. 
     
     
       23. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 16 , wherein the at least one tissue adherence accentuator includes at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polsiloxanes, carboxypolymethylene, and water-soluble polyethylene oxides. 
     
     
       24. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 16 , wherein the at least one tissue adherence accentuator is included in a concentration from about 0.01% to about 9% by weight of the polymerizable isolation barrier. 
     
     
       25. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 16 , wherein the at least one tissue adherence accentuator is in sufficient concentration to adhere to the dental substrate at a surface of the isolation barrier interfacing with the dental substrate during a dental procedure. 
     
     
       26. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 1 , further comprising at least one reflective material for reflecting light radiant energy, the at least one reflective material comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, silica, and mica. 
     
     
       27. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 26 , wherein the at least one reflective material includes at least one metal. 
     
     
       28. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 26 , wherein the at least one reflective material includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of gold flake, aluminum flake, and titanium flake. 
     
     
       29. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 26 , wherein the at least one reflective material includes at least one metal oxide. 
     
     
       30. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 26 , wherein the at least one reflective material includes at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, precipitated silica, ceria, and thoria. 
     
     
       31. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 26 , wherein the at least one reflective material includes at least one mica. 
     
     
       32. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 26 , wherein the at least one reflective material is included in a concentration from about 1% to about 50% by weight of the polymerizable isolation barrier. 
     
     
       33. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 26 , wherein the at least one reflective material is in sufficient concentration to decrease a polymerization reaction rate compared to a polymerization reaction rate of the an isolation barrier material without a the reflective material. 
     
     
       34. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 26 , wherein the at least one reflective material is in sufficient concentration to prevent substantial thermal tissue damage during a polymerization of the isolation barrier. 
     
     
       35. A polymerizable isolation barrier for isolating a dental substrate to confine a dental treatment composition to an area defined by the isolation barrier, the polymerizable isolation barrier comprising the mixture products of:
 at least one monomer;  
 at least one curing agent for curing the at least one monomer; and  
 at least one organic polymerization strength reducer, different than the at least one monomer, for reducing strength of the polymerizable isolation barrier and that includes at least one of an alcohol, a polyol, or an oil.  
 
     
     
       36. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 35 , wherein the at least one monomer includes at least one of an alkylmethacrylate, an alkylhydroxymethacrylate, or an alkylaminomethacrylate. 
     
     
       37. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 35 , wherein the at least one organic polymerization strength reducer comprises an alcohol that includes at least one of cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol. 
     
     
       38. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 35 , wherein the at least one organic polymerization strength reducer comprises a polyol that includes at least one of a polyethylene glycol, a polypropylene glycol, or propylene glycol. 
     
     
       39. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 35 , wherein the at least one organic polymerization strength reducer comprises an oil that includes mineral oil. 
     
     
       40. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 35 , wherein the at least one organic polymerization strength reducer is included in a concentration from about 1% to about 30% by weight of the polymerizable isolation barrier. 
     
     
       41. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 35 , wherein the at least one organic polymerization strength reducer is in sufficient concentration to lower the ability of the at least one monomer to polymerize. 
     
     
       42. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 35 , wherein the at least one organic polymerization strength reducer is in sufficient concentration to facilitate removal of the a polymerized isolation barrier from the a dental substrate by hand or by a dental tool. 
     
     
       43. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 35 , further comprising at least one tissue adherence accentuator. 
     
     
       44. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 35 , further comprising at least one reflective material for reflecting light radiant energy. 
     
     
       45. A polymerizable isolation barrier for isolating a dental substrate to confine a dental treatment composition to an area defined by the isolation barrier, the polymerizable isolation barrier comprising the mixture products of:
 at least one monomer;  
 at least one curing agent for curing the at least one monomer; and  
 at least one organic polymerization strength reducer, different than the at least one monomer, for reducing strength of the polymerizable isolation barrier and that includes at least one of cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, a polyethylene glycol, a polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol, or mineral oil.  
 
     
     
       46. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 45 , wherein the at least one monomer includes at least one of an alkylmethacrylate, an alkylhydroxymethacrylate, or an alkylaminomethacrylate. 
     
     
       47. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 45 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer is included in a concentration from about 1% to about 30% by weight of the polymerizable isolation barrier. 
     
     
       48. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 45 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer is in sufficient concentration to lower the ability of the at least one monomer to polymerize. 
     
     
       49. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 45 , wherein the at least one organic polymerization strength reducer is in sufficient concentration to facilitate removal of the a polymerized isolation barrier from the a dental substrate by hand or by a dental tool. 
     
     
       50. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 45 , further comprising at least one tissue adherence accentuator. 
     
     
       51. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 45 , further comprising at least one reflective material for reflecting light radiant energy. 
     
     
       52. A polymerizable isolation barrier for isolating a dental substrate to confine a dental treatment composition to an area defined by the isolation barrier, the polymerizable isolation barrier comprising:
 at least one polymerizable material;    at least one curing agent for curing the at least one polymerizable material; and    at least one organic polymerization strength reducer, different than the at least one polymerizable material, for reducing strength of the polymerizable isolation barrier.   
     
     
       53. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the polymerizable material comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of alkylmethacrylates, alkylhydroxymethacrylates, alkylaminomethacrylates, and derivatives thereof. 
     
     
       54. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the polymerizable material comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, butane di-ol dimethacrylate,  2 -hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycerol dimethacrylate, bis-GMA, and derivatives thereof. 
     
     
       55. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the polymerizable material comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of urethane dimethacrylate and derivatives of urethane dimethacrylate. 
     
     
       56. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the at least one polymerizable material comprises at least one monomer that includes a chain of nonreactive units and a reactive unit on each side of the chain. 
     
     
       57. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the at least one polymerizable material comprises at least one monomer that has begun to polymerize and that is further polymerizable. 
     
     
       58. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 57 , wherein the at least one monomer that has begun to polymerize and that is further polymerizable comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of alkylmethacrylates, alkylhydroxymethacrylates, alkylaminomethacrylates, and derivatives thereof. 
     
     
       59. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 57 , wherein the at least one monomer that has begun to polymerize and that is further polymerizable comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, butane di-ol dimethacrylate,  2 -hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycerol dimethacrylate, bis-GMA, and derivatives thereof. 
     
     
       60. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 57 , wherein the at least one monomer that has begun to polymerize and that is further polymerizable comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of urethane dimethacrylate and derivatives of urethane dimethacrylate. 
     
     
       61. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the polymerizable material is included in a concentration from about  50 % to about  99 % by weight of the polymerizable isolation barrier. 
     
     
       62. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer comprises at least one alcohol. 
     
     
       63. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 62 , wherein the alcohol comprises at least one of cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol. 
     
     
       64. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer comprises at least one polyol. 
     
     
       65. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 64 , wherein the polyol comprises at least one of polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or propylene glycol. 
     
     
       66. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer comprises at least one oil. 
     
     
       67. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 66 , wherein the oil comprises mineral oil. 
     
     
       68. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer is included in a concentration from about  1 % to about  30 % by weight of the polymerizable isolation barrier. 
     
     
       69. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer is in sufficient concentration to lower the ability of the polymerizable material to polymerize. 
     
     
       70. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer is in sufficient concentration to facilitate removal of a polymerized isolation barrier from a dental substrate by hand or by a dental tool. 
     
     
       71. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , further comprising at least one tissue adherence accentuator selected from the group consisting of gums, xanthan gum, guar gum, tragacanth gum, cellulose materials, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, high molecular weight polyols, polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of at least  600 , polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of at least  600 , polysiloxanes, carboxypolymethylene, and water-soluble polyethylene oxides. 
     
     
       72. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 71 , wherein the tissue adherence accentuator is included in a concentration from about  0 . 01 % to about  9 % by weight of the polymerizable isolation barrier. 
     
     
       73. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , further comprising at least one reflective material for reflecting light radiant energy selected from the group consisting of metals, gold flake, aluminum flake, titanium flake, metal oxides, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, precipitated silica, ceria, thoria, and mica. 
     
     
       74. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 73 , wherein the reflective material is included in a concentration from about  1 %  to about  50 % by weight of the polymerizable isolation barrier.   
     
     
       75. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the curing agent comprises a light curing agent that induces the polymerizable material to cross link upon exposure to light radiant energy. 
     
     
       76. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the polymerizable isolation barrier is at least one of a paste or gel that is able to be expressed from a dental syringe. 
     
     
       77. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 52 , wherein the polymerizable isolation barrier comprises at least one of a roll or tape of a curable putty. 
     
     
       78. A polymerizable isolation barrier for isolating a dental substrate to confine a dental treatment composition to an area defined by the isolation barrier, the polymerizable isolation barrier comprising:
 at least one polymerizable material comprising at least one of urethane dimethacrylate or a derivative of urethane dimethacrylate;    at least one curing agent for the at least one polymerizable material; and    at least one organic polymerization strength reducer, different than the at least one polymerizable material, for reducing strength of the polymerizable isolation barrier.   
     
     
       79. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 78 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of alcohols, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, polyols, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol, oils, and mineral oil. 
     
     
       80. A polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 78 , further comprising at least one reflective material for reflecting light radiant energy selected from the group consisting of metals, gold flake, aluminum flake, titanium flake, metal oxides, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, precipitated silica, ceria, thoria, and mica. 
     
     
       81. A method of making a polymerizable isolation barrier used in isolating a dental substrate to confine a dental treatment composition to an area defined by the isolation barrier, the method comprising:
 mixing together at least one monomer, at least one curing agent for curing the at least one monomer, and at least one organic polymerization strength reducer for reducing strength of the polymerizable isolation barrier; and    partially polymerizing at least a portion of the at least one monomer to yield a polymerizable isolation barrier comprising at least one partially polymerized monomer that is further polymerizable.   
     
     
       82. A method of making a polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 81 , wherein the polymerizable isolation barrier is partially polymerized after being applied to oral tissue within a patient's mouth. 
     
     
       83. A method of making a polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 81 , wherein the monomer that is partially polymerized comprises at least one of an alkylmethacrylate, an alkylhydroxymethacrylate, or an alkylaminomethacrylate. 
     
     
       84. A method of making a polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 81 , wherein the monomer that is partially polymerized comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, butane di-ol dimethacrylate,  2 -hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycerol dimethacrylate, bis-GMA, and urethane dimethacrylate. 
     
     
       85. A method of making a polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 81 , wherein the organic polymerization strength reducer comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of alcohols, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, polyols, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene glycol, oils, and mineral oil. 
     
     
       86. A method of making a polymerizable isolation barrier according to  claim 81 , wherein the polymerizable isolation barrier further comprises at least one of a tissue adherence accentuator or a reflective material for reflecting light radiant energy. 
     
     
       87. A method of isolating hard dental tissue and to contain a dental treatment composition to a defined area comprising:
 providing a polymerizable isolation barrier composition comprising at least one polymerizable material, at least one curing agent for curing the at least one polymerizable material, and at least one organic polymerization strength reducer for reducing strength of the polymerizable isolation barrier;    delivering the polymerizable isolation barrier composition onto an oral tissue surface to isolate hard dental tissue;    treating the polymerizable isolation barrier composition with light radiant energy to polymerize at last a portion of the at least one polymerizable material;    applying a dental treatment composition to the defined area; and    removing the isolation barrier from the dental substrate.   
     
     
       88. A method according to  claim 87 , wherein the isolation barrier is removed using a dental tool. 
     
     
       89. A method according to  claim 87 , wherein the isolation barrier is removed by hand.