Surgical biopsy instrument

Abstract

A surgical instrument in the form of a biopsy needle for removing tissue samples from a patient. The device has means for preloading to excise tissue samples of a preselected one of many possible tissue sample sizes. After preloading, the procedure is easily accomplished using a single hand. The tip is rendered less traumatic by positioning the distal end of the tissue sample notch relatively close to the very distal tip of the stylet. This is accomplished by grinding the distal tip of the stylet into an elliptical shape in a plane having a lateral projection which is away from the distal end of the tissue sample notch.

1. In an apparatus for surgically removing tissue samples of different sizes including, a canula having a central lumen, a stylet slidably mounted within said lumen and having a sample holding notch adjacent a distal end, and a control assembly connected to the canula and the stylet for controlling relative movement between the canula and the stylet during tissue sample removal, the improved apparatus for selecting tissue sample size comprising:
 a. a tissue sample size selector means connected to the canula and slidably mounted for axial movement in the control assembly, wherein proximal movement of the selector means causes proximal movement of the canula, thereby determining subsequent positioning of the cannula relative to the stylet notch;  
 b. detent means mounted on the control assembly for releasibly holding the selector means in any one of a plurality of selectable tissue sample size settings;  
 c. a spring biased against the proximal axial movement of the selector means; and  
 d. manual release means for selectively releasing the selector means from the detent means following placement of the stylet for tissue sample removal, whereby the spring causes distal axial movement of the canula relative to the stylet to cut a tissue sample of a selected size into the notch.  
 
     
     
       2. An apparatus according to  claim 1  wherein said selector means and said detent means cooperate to provide selection of three distinct tissue sample sizes. 
     
     
       3. An apparatus according to  claim 1  or  2  wherein the stylet has a distal tip ground in a plane having a lateral projection away from a distal end of the tissue sample notch. 
     
     
       4. In an apparatus for surgically removing tissue samples of different sizes including, a canula having a central lumen, a stylet slidably mounted within said lumen and having a sample holding notch adjacent a distal end, and a control assembly connected to the canula and the stylet for controlling relative movement between the canula and the stylet during tissue sample removal, the improved apparatus for taking tissue samples comprising:
 a. a distal tip on the stylet ground in a plane having a lateral projection away from a distal end of the stylet notch.  
 
     
     
       5. An apparatus according to  claim 4  wherein the canula has a distal tip ground within the same plane as the distal tip of the stylet when the stylet and the canula are both maximally advanced distally. 
     
     
       6. In an apparatus for surgically removing tissue samples of different sizes including, a cannula having a central lumen, a stylet slidably mounted within said lumen and having a sample holding notch adjacent a distal end, and a control assembly connected to the cannula and the stylet for controlling relative movement between the cannula and the stylet during tissue sample removal, the improved apparatus for selecting tissue sample size comprising:
   a. a tissue sample size selector means connected to the cannula and slidably mounted for axial movement in the control assembly, wherein proximal movement of the selector means causes proximal movement of the cannula, thereby determining subsequent positioning of the cannula relative to the stylet notch;        b. detent means mounted on the control assembly for releasably holding the selector means in any one of a plurality of selectable tissue sample size settings;        c. a spring biased against the proximal movement of the selector means;        d. the stylet connected to the tissue sample size selector means and slidably mounted for axial distal movement independent of axial distal movement of the cannula, without releasing the selector means; and        e. manual release means for selectively releasing the selector means from the detent means following placement of the stylet for tissue sample removal, whereby the spring causes distal axial movement of the cannula relative to the stylet to cut a tissue sample of a selected size into the notch.