Dual battery power system for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator with voltage booster

Abstract

An improved dual battery power system uses two separate battery power sources for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator, each having optimized characteristics for monitoring functions and for output energy delivery functions, respectively. The monitoring functions are supplied electrical power by a first battery source, such as a conventional pacemaker power source in the form of a lithium iodide battery which is optimized for long life at very low current levels. The output energy delivery functions are supplied by a separate second battery source, such as a pair of lithium vanadium pentoxide batteries, which is optimized for high current drain capability and low self-discharge for long shelf life. The first battery source provides electrical power only to the monitoring functions of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator, and the second battery source provides all of the electrical power for the output energy delivery functions.

1. An improved power system for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator that is a self-contained human implantable device having comprising:
 monitoring means for detecting myocardial arrhythmias in a human patient; and  
 output means for selectively determining an appropriate electrical pulse therapy to be delivered in response to a myocardial arrhythmia detected by the monitoring means and delivering the appropriate electrical pulse therapy to two or more implanted electrodes, the improved power system comprising: ;  
 first battery means for providing electrical power primarily to the monitoring means;  
 second battery means for providing substantially all of its electrical power to the output means; and  
 backup means for allowing the second battery means to provide electrical power to the monitoring means in the event that the first battery means can no longer provide electrical power to the monitoring means.  
 
     
     
       2. The improved power system implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 1  wherein the implantable cardivoerter cardioverter defibrillator includes a capacitor means for storing an electrical charge which is charged from the second battery means and wherein the output means selects the appropriate electrical pulse therapy from a set that includes:
 one or more cardioversion/defibrillation pulses, each cardioversion/defibrillation pulse being delivered by the output means as a capacitive discharge pulse from the capacitor means; and  
 one or more pacing pulses, each pulse being delivered by the output means as an electrical pulse directly powered from the second battery means.  
 
     
     
       3. The improved power system implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 1  wherein the backup means comprises:
 transistor means operably connected to outputs of the first battery means and the second battery means to sense a current drain on the output of the first battery means and switch on the output of the second battery means to add to the output of the first battery means in the event that the current drain exceeds a maximum current drain of the first battery means.  
 
     
     
       4. The improved power system implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 1  further comprising:
 voltage regulation means operably connected to an output of the first battery means and to a reference voltage value for regulating the output of the first battery means to a predetermined voltage value.  
 
     
     
       5. The improved power system implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 1  wherein the first battery means is a relatively low current source, and wherein the second battery means is a relatively high current source. 
     
     
       6. The improved power system implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 5 , wherein the relatively low current source is a 1.5 to 3.0 volt battery and the relatively high current source is a 6 to 18 volt battery. 
     
     
       7. The improved power system implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 1  wherein the first battery means is one or more lithium iodide battery cells. 
     
     
       8. The improved power system implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 1  wherein said second battery means is one or more battery cells selected from the group consisting of:
 lithium silver vanadium oxides, thionyl chlorides or rechargeable battery cells.  
 
     
     
       9. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 1 , further comprising:
   a voltage booster connected to said second battery means to insure a minimum boosted voltage to said output means during periods of high current draw.      
     
     
       10. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 1 , further comprising:
   a voltage booster connected to said second battery means to prevent voltage ripple to said output means during periods of high current draw.      
     
     
       11. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator that is a self- contained human implantable device comprising:      monitoring means for detecting myocardial arrhythmias in a human patient;        output means for selectively determining an appropriate electrical pulse therapy to be delivered in response to a myocardial arrhythmia detected by the monitoring means and delivering the appropriate electrical pulse therapy to two or more implanted electrodes;        at least one battery means for providing electrical power to the output means; and        a voltage booster connected to at least one of said at least one battery means to insure a minimal booster voltage output of said at least one of said at least one battery means during periods of high current draw.      
     
     
       12. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 11 , further comprising:
   a diode connected to said voltage booster to isolate the boosted voltage output from a voltage output of said at least one battery means.      
     
     
       13. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 11 , further comprising:
   a charge pump circuit connected to the boosted voltage output to increase the boosted voltage output; and        an inverter circuit including a high voltage transformer connected to said charge pump circuit to produce a high voltage output from the increased boosted voltage output to charge the output means.      
     
     
       14. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 13 , further comprising:
   a capacitor connected between said inverter circuit and said at least one battery means to decouple said at least one battery means from said inverter circuit.      
     
     
       15. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator that is a self- contained human implantable device comprising:      monitoring means for detecting myocardial arrhythmias in a human patient;        output means for selectively determining an appropriate electrical pulse therapy to be delivered in response to a myocardial arrhythmia detected by the monitoring means and delivering the appropriate electrical pulse therapy to two or more implanted electrodes;        at least one battery means connected to the output means;        an inverter circuit, including a high - voltage transformer, connected to the output means to provide a high voltage pulse to the output means; and        a voltage booster connected to at least one of said at least one battery, to insure a minimum boosted voltage output of said at least one of said at least one battery during periods of high current draw.      
     
     
       16. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 15 , wherein said at least one battery comprises a first battery and a second battery, said first battery provided for supplying electrical power primarily to the monitoring means and said second battery connected to said voltage booster.  
     
     
       17. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 16 , further comprising a diode connected to said voltage booster to isolate a boosted voltage output of said voltage booster from a voltage output of said second battery during periods of high current draw.  
     
     
       18. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 15 , further comprising a charge pump circuit connected to the minimum boosted voltage output and to said inverter circuit.  
     
     
       19. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 15 , wherein said voltage booster comprises:
   at least one capacitor for storing a boosted voltage; and        a diode connected to said at least one capacitor to regulate said boosted voltage on said at least one capacitor, and to prevent said at least one capacitor from creating ripple in the voltage supplied to the output means.      
     
     
       20. The implantable cardioverter defibrillator of  claim 19 , wherein said voltage booster further comprises:
   an activity monitor connected to said inverter circuit to time a charging operation of said at least one capacitor in accordance with activity by said inverter circuit.