High performance single mode waveguide

Abstract

Disclosed is a single made optical waveguide fiber having a segmented core design. In particular, the core comprises three segments, each having characteristic dimensions and refractive index profile. By proper choice of index profile in each segment, a waveguide fiber is made which has a mode field diameter of about 9.5, low, positive total dispersion over the operating window 1530 nm to 1565 nm as well as effective area greater than 60 μm 2 .

1. A single mode optical waveguide fiber comprising:
 a core glass region comprising a first circular central segment, having a relative index Δ 0 % and a radius r 0 , a first annular segment surrounding and in contact with the central segment, having a relative index Δ 1 % and a radius r 3 and a second annular segment surrounding and in contact with the first annular segment, having a relative index Δ 2 %, a radius r 2 , and a width w 2 , the respective segments each having a refractive index profile;  
 a clad glass layer having a refractive index profile and a minimum refractive index n c , wherein n c  is the reference index for the relative index of each core segment;  
 in which the index profile of the central segment is an a profile having α in the range of about 0.7 to 2, the index profile of the first annular segment is substantially flat, the index profile of the second annular segment is a rounded step, and Δ 0 %>Δ 2 %>Δ 1 %,  
 the values of the respective Δ's and radii being chosen so that the inner profile volume is in the range 2.28 to 3.26% μm 2 , the outer profile volume is in the range 3.70 to 13.75% μm 2  and the ratio of outer to inner volume is in the range 1.5 to 4.3.  
 
     
     
       2. The single mode waveguide of  claim 1  in which Δ 0 % is in the range 1.01% to 1.35%, Δ 1 % is in the range 0.03% to 0.21%, and Δ 2 % is in the range 0.12% to 0.61%. 
     
     
       3. The single mode waveguide of  claim 2  in which r 0  is in the range 2.06 μm to 2.80 μm r 1  is in the range 455 μm to 8.94 μm, and w 2  is in the range 0.01 μm to 2.0 μm. 
     
     
       4. The single mode waveguide of  claim 1  in which the circular central segment has a refractive index indent at the center of the circular segment, the index indent having the approximate shape of an inverted cone, the indent having a minimum relative index in the range of about 0.5% to 0.7% and the radius of the base of the inverted cone shape is no greater than about 0.7 μm. 
     
     
       5. The single mode waveguide of  claim 1  is which the total dispersion over the wavelength range 1530 nm to 1565 nm is positive and no greater than 6.5 ps/nm-km, the effective area is not less than 60 μm 2 , and mode field diameter is in the range of 9 μm to 10 μm. 
     
     
       6. The single mode waveguide of  claim 5  in which the cut off wavelength measured on waveguide fiber which has been placed in cable form is less than 1470 nm, the attenuation at 1550 nm is less than 0.22 dB/km, the induced loss under pin array bend testing is less than 16 dB and the induced loss under lateral load bend testing is less than 0.8 dB/m. 
     
     
       7. A single mode optical waveguide fiber comprising:
 a core glass region comprising a first circular central segment, having a relative index Δ 0 % and a radius r 0 , a first annular segment surrounding and in contact with the central segment, having a relative index Δ 1 % and a radius r 1 , and a second annular segment surrounding and in contact with the first annular segment, having a relative index Δ 2 %, a radius r 2 , and a width w 2 , the respective segments each having a refractive index profile;  
 a clad glass layer having a refractive index profile and a minimum refractive index n c , wherein n c , is the reference index for the relative index of each core segment;  
 in which the index profile of the central segment is an a profile having or about equal to 1, the index profile of the first annular segment is substantially flat, the index profile of the second annular segment is a rounded step, and Δ 0 %>Δ 2 %>Δ 1 %, and,  
 Δ 0 % is in the range 1.11% to 1.35%, Δ 1 % is in the range 0.03% to 0.14%, and Δ 2 % is in the range 0.12% to 0.50%, and  
 r 0  is in the range 2.06 μm to 2.45 μm, r 1  is in the range 4.55 μm to 6.29 μm. and w 2  is in the range 0.7 μm to 2.0 μm, and  
 the inner profile volume is in the range 2.28 to 3.00% μm 2 , the outer profile volume is in the range 3.70 to 8.12% μm 2 , and the ratio of outer to inner volume is in the range 1.5 to 2.9.  
 
     
     
       8. The single mode waveguide of  claim 7  in which the circular central segment has a refractive index indent at the center of the circular segment, the index indent having the approximate shape of an inverted cone, the indent having a minimum relative index in the range of about 0.5% to 0.7% and the radius of the base of the inverted cone shape is no greater than about 0.7 μm. 
     
     
       9. A single mode optical waveguide fiber comprising a core region having a central segment having index of refraction Δ 0   , a first annular segment having index of refraction Δ   1   , and a second annular segment having index of refraction Δ   2   , wherein Δ   0    is greater than either Δ   1    or Δ   2   , the refractive index profile of the fiber tailored to result in said fiber exhibiting the following properties:      a zero dispersion wavelength outside the wavelength region  1530 - 1565  nm;        an effective area of at least  60  μm   2  ;      a cable cutoff wavelength less than about  1470  nm; and        a mode field diameter in the range of  9  μm to  10  μm.     
     
     
       10. The single mode fiber of  claim 9 , wherein said fiber exhibits positive dispersion over the wavelength region  1530 - 1565  nm. 
     
     
       11. The single mode fiber of  claim 9 , wherein said central segment comprises an α profile segment in which α is in the range of  0 . 7  to  2 . 0 . 
     
     
       12. The single mode fiber of  claim 10 , wherein said central segment comprises an α profile segment in which α is in the range of  0 . 7  to  2 . 0 . 
     
     
       13. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 9 , further comprising an attenuation at  1550  μm which is less than  0 . 22  dB/km. 
     
     
       14. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 10 , further comprising an attenuation at  1550  μm which is less than  0 . 22  dB/km. 
     
     
       15. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 11 , further comprising an attenuation at  1550  μm which is less than  0 . 22  dB/km. 
     
     
       16. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 9 , comprising an induced loss under pin array bend testing of less than  16  dB. 
     
     
       17. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 10 , comprising an induced loss under pin array bend testing of less than  16  dB. 
     
     
       18. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 11 , comprising an induced loss under pin array bend testing of less than  16  dB. 
     
     
       19. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 13 , composing an induced loss under pin array bend testing of less than  16  dB. 
     
     
       20. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 15 , comprising an induced loss under lateral load testing of less than  0 . 8  dB/m. 
     
     
       21. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 9 , comprising a dispersion at  1530  nm which is greater than  1  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       22. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 11 , composing a dispersion at  1530  nm which is greater than  1  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       23. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 13 , comprising a dispersion at  1530  nm which is greater than  1  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       24. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 15 , comprising a dispersion at  1530  nm which is greater than  1  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       25. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 20 , comprising a dispersion at  1530  nm which is greater than  1  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       26. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 9 , wherein said fiber comprises a dispersion over the wavelength region  1530  nm to  1565  nm which is positive and no greater than  6 . 5  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       27. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 11 , wherein said fiber comprises a dispersion over the wavelength region  1530  nm to  1565  nm which is positive and no greater than  6 . 5  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       28. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 13 , wherein said fiber comprises a dispersion over the wavelength region  1530  nm to  1565  nm which is positive and no greater than  6 . 5  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       29. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 15 , wherein said fiber comprises a dispersion over the wavelength region  1530  nm to  1565  nm which is positive and no greater than  6 . 5  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       30. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 19 , wherein said fiber comprises a dispersion over the wavelength region  1530  nm to  1565  nm which is positive and no greater than  6 . 5  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       31. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 25 , wherein said fiber comprises a dispersion over the wavelength region  1530  nm, to  1565  nm which is positive and no greater than  6 . 5  ps/nm-km. 
     
     
       32. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 9 , wherein said fiber exhibits a cable cutoff wavelength less than about  1360  nm. 
     
     
       33. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 11 , wherein said fiber exhibits a cable cutoff wavelength less than about  1360  nm. 
     
     
       34. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 15 , wherein said fiber exhibits a cable cutoff wavelength less than about  1360  nm. 
     
     
       35. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 19 , wherein said fiber exhibits a cable cutoff wavelength less than about  1360  nm. 
     
     
       36. The single mode waveguide fiber of  claim 31 , wherein said fiber exhibits a cable cutoff wavelength less than about  1360  nm.