Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers with servo control and dynamic spectral power management capabilities

Abstract

This invention provides a novel wavelength-separating-routing (WSR) apparatus that uses a diffraction grating to separate a multi-wavelength optical signal by wavelength into multiple spectral channels, which are then focused onto an array of corresponding channel micromirrors. The channel micromirrors are individually controllable and continuously pivotable to reflect the spectral channels into selected output ports. As such, the inventive WSR apparatus is capable of routing the spectral channels on a channel-by-channel basis and coupling any spectral channel into any one of the output ports. The WSR apparatus of the present invention may be further equipped with servo-control and spectral power-management capabilities, thereby maintaining the coupling efficiencies of the spectral channels into the output ports at desired values. The WSR apparatus of the present invention can be used to construct a novel class of dynamically reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (OADMs) for WDM optical networking applications.

1. An optical add-drop apparatus, comprising:
 a) multiple fiber collimators, providing an input port for a multi-wavelength optical signal and a plurality of output ports including a pass-through port and one or more drop ports;  
 b) a wavelength-separator, for separating said multi-wavelength optical signal from said input port into multiple spectral channels;  
 c) a beam-focuser, for focusing said spectral channels into corresponding spectral spots;  
 d) a spatial array of channel micromirrors positioned such that each channel micromirror receives a unique one of said spectral channels, said channel micromirrors being individually and continuously controllable to reflect said spectral channels into selected ones of said output ports, whereby a subset of said spectral channels is directed into said pass-through port to provide pass-through spectral channels; and  
 e) an optical combiner, for combining said pass-through spectral channels with one or more add spectral channels.  
 
     
     
       2. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  further comprising a servo-control assembly, including a spectral monitor for monitoring power levels of said pass-through spectral channels and said add spectral channels, and a processing unit responsive to said power levels for providing control of said channel micromirrors. 
     
     
       3. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 2  wherein said servo-control assembly maintains said power levels at a predetermined value. 
     
     
       4. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 2  further comprising an auxiliary spectral monitor, for monitoring power levels of said reflected spectral channels in said drop ports, said auxiliary spectral monitor being in communication with said processing unit. 
     
     
       5. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  further comprising an array of collimator-alignment mirrors, in optical communication with said wavelength-separator and said fiber collimators, for adjusting an alignment of said multi-wavelength optical signal from said input port and directing said reflected spectral channels into said output ports. 
     
     
       6. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 5  wherein each collimator-alignment mirror is rotatable about at least one axis. 
     
     
       7. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 5  further comprising first and second arrays of imaging lenses, in a telecentric arrangement with said collimator-alignment mirrors and said fiber collimators. 
     
     
       8. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  wherein each channel micromirror is pivotable about one axis. 
     
     
       9. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  wherein each channel micromirror is pivotable about two axes. 
     
     
       10. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 9  wherein said fiber collimators are arranged in a two-dimensional array. 
     
     
       11. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  wherein each channel micromirror is a silicon micromachined mirror. 
     
     
       12. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  wherein said fiber collimators are arranged in a one-dimensional array. 
     
     
       13. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  wherein said beam-focuser comprises a focusing lens having first and second focal points. 
     
     
       14. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 13  wherein said wavelength-separator and said channel micromirrors are placed respectively at said first and second focal points of said focusing lens. 
     
     
       15. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  wherein said beam-focuser comprises an assembly of lenses. 
     
     
       16. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  wherein said wavelength-separator comprises an element selected from the group consisting of ruled diffraction gratings, holographic diffraction gratings, echelle gratings, curved diffraction gratings, and dispersing prisms. 
     
     
       17. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  further comprising a quarter-wave plate optically interposed between said wavelength-separator and said channel micromirrors. 
     
     
       18. The optical add-drop apparatus of  claim 1  wherein said optical combiner comprises a fiber-optic coupler. 
     
     
       19. An optical apparatus comprising:
 a) an array of fiber collimators, providing an input port for a multi-wavelength optical signal and a plurality of output ports including a pass-through port and drop ports;  
 b) a wavelength-separator, for separating said multi-wavelength optical signal from said input port into multiple spectral channels;  
 c) a beam-focuser, for focusing said spectral channels into corresponding spectral spots;  
 d) an array of channel micromirrors positioned such that each channel micromirror receives a unique one of said spectral channels, said channel micromirrors being individually and continuously controllable to reflect said spectral channels into selected ones of said output ports, whereby a subset of said spectral channels is directed to said pass-through port to provide pass-through spectral channels;  
 e) an array of collimator-alignment mirrors, for adjusting an alignment of said multi-wavelength optical signal from said input port and directing said reflected spectral channels into said output ports; and  
 an optical combiner, for combining said pass-through spectral channels with one or more add spectral channels.  
 
     
     
       20. The optical apparatus of  claim 19  further comprising a servo-control assembly, including a spectral monitor for monitoring power levels of said pass-through spectral channels and said add spectral channels, and a processing unit responsive to said power levels for providing control of said channel micromirrors. 
     
     
       21. The optical apparatus of  claim 20  wherein said servo-control assembly maintains said power levels at a predetermined value. 
     
     
       22. The optical apparatus of  claim 19  wherein each collimator-alignment mirror is rotatable about at least one axis. 
     
     
       23. The optical apparatus of  claim 19  wherein each channel micromirror is continuously pivotable about at least one axis. 
     
     
       24. The optical apparatus of  claim 19  wherein each channel micromirrors is pivotable about two axes. 
     
     
       25. The optical apparatus of  claim 24  wherein said fiber collimators are arranged in a two-dimensional array. 
     
     
       26. The optical apparatus of  claim 25  wherein said collimator-alignment mirrors are arranged in a two-dimensional array. 
     
     
       27. The optical apparatus of  claim 19  further comprising first and second arrays of imaging lenses, in a telecentric arrangement with said collimator-alignment mirrors and said fiber collimators. 
     
     
       28. The optical apparatus of  claim 19  wherein said wavelength-separator comprises an element selected from the group consisting of ruled diffraction gratings, holographic diffraction gratings, echelle gratings, curved diffraction gratings, and dispersing prisms. 
     
     
       29. The optical apparatus of  claim 19  wherein said fiber collimators are in a one-dimensional array. 
     
     
       30. The optical apparatus of  claim 29  wherein said collimator-alignment mirrors are in a one-dimensional array. 
     
     
       31. The optical apparatus of  claim 19  wherein said optical combiner comprises a fiberoptic coupler. 
     
     
       32. A method of performing dynamic add and drop functions in a WDM optical network, comprising:
 a) receiving a multi-wavelength optical signal from an input port;  
 b) separating said multi-wavelength optical signal into multiple spectral channels;  
 c) focusing said spectral channels onto an array of corresponding beam-deflecting elements, whereby each beam-deflecting element receives a unique one of said spectral channels;  
 d) dynamically and continuously controlling said beam-deflecting elements so to direct said spectral channels into a pass-through port and one or more drop ports, whereby a subset of said spectral channels are directed into said pass-through port to provide pass-through spectral channels; and  
 e) combining said pass-through spectral channels with one or more add spectral channels.  
 
     
     
       33. The method of  claim 32  further comprising the steps of monitoring power levels of said pass-through spectral channels and said add spectral channels and providing feedback control of said beam-deflecting elements. 
     
     
       34. The method of  claim 33  further comprising the step of maintaining said power levels at a predetermining value. 
     
     
       35. The method of  claim 32  wherein said step e) is performed by use of an optical combiner. 
     
     
       36. The method of  claim 30  wherein said beam-deflecting elements comprise an array of silicon micromachined mirrors.