Phosphoric esters and their use as dispersants

Abstract

The invention relates to phosphoric esters of the general formula I where X is 1 or 2; n is from 2 to 18; m and o are each from 2 to 100; k is from 2 to 4; R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical; and R′ is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl, or sulfopropyl radical, and to there use as dispersants for pigments and fillers in aqueous or organic media.

1. A phosphoric ester having the formula: 
                   
       x is 1 or 2,
 n is a number from 2 to 18,  
 m and  
 o are each a number from 1 to 100,  
 k is a number from 2 to 4, and  
 R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical.  
 R′ is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl or sulfopropyl radical.  
 
     
     
       2. The phosphoric ester  pigment preparation of claim  1    18  wherein the ratio of m/o is from 1:10 to 10:1. 
     
     
       3. The phosphoric ester  pigment preparation of claim  1    18  wherein the ratio of m/o is from 1:2 to 10:1. 
     
     
       4. The phosphoric ester of  claim 1  wherein the average molecular weight is from 300 to 15,000 g/mol. 
     
     
       5. The phosphoric ester of  claim 1  wherein the average molecular weight is from 500 to 5000 g/mol. 
     
     
       6. The phosphoric ester of claim  1    17  wherein R″=H. 
     
     
       7. A method of forming a dispersion comprising dispersing a phosphoric ester of claim  1    17  with one or more pigments or fillers in an aqueous or organic medium. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 7  wherein R″=H. 
     
     
       9. A method of forming a highly filled sheet molding compound or bulk molding compound, comprising dispersing components of a molding compound and a phosphoric ester as of claim  1    17 . 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 9  wherein R″=H. 
     
     
       11. A pigment preparation comprising one or more organic or inorganic pigments and from 1 to 100% by weight, based on the pigments, of a dispersing additive having the formula: 
                   x is 1 to 2,    n is a number from 2 to 18,    m and    o are each a number from 2 to 100,    k is a number from 2 to 4, and    R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical.    
     
     
       12. The pigment preparation of claim  11    18  wherein R″=H. 
     
     
       13. An aqueous paste comprising one or more organic or inorganic colorants and from 1 to 100% by weight, based on the colorants, of a dispersing additive having the formula: 
                   x is 1 to 2,    n is a number from 2 to 18,    m and    o are each a number from 2 to 100,    k is a number from 2 to 4, and    R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical.    
     
     
       14. An aqueous paste of claim  13    19  wherein R″=H. 
     
     
       15. A carbon black paste comprising from 10 to 100% by weight, based on the weight of carbon black, of a dispersing additive having the formula: 
                   x is 1 or 2,    n is a number from 2 to 18,    m and    o are each a number from 2 to 100,    k is a number from 2 to 4, and    R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical.    
     
     
       16. A carbon black paste of claim  15    20  wherein R″=H. 
     
     
       17. A phosphoric ester having the formula: 
                     x is  1  or  2 ,        n is a number from  2  to  18 ,        m and o are each a number from  2  to  100 ,        k is a number from  2  to  4 ,        R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical,        R′ is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl or sulfopropyl radical, and with the proviso that when R=                         the average molecular weight of said phosphoric ester is not more than about  2184  g/mol.     
     
     
       18. A pigment preparation comprising one or more organic or inorganic pigments and from  1  to  100 %  by weight, based on the pigments, of a dispersing additive having the formula:                        x is  1  to  2 ,        n is a number from  2  to  18 ,        m and o are each a number from  2  to  100 ,        k is a number from  2  to  4 ,        R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical,        R′ is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl or sulfopropyl radical, and with the proviso that when R=                         the average molecular weight of said phosphoric ester is from  500  to  5000  g/mol.     
     
     
       19. An aqueous paste comprising one or more organic or inorganic colorants and from  1  to  100 %  by weight, based on the colorants, of a dispersing additive having the formula:                        x is  1  to  2 ,        n is a number from  2  to  18 ,        m and o are each a number from  2  to  100 ,        k is a number from  2  to  4 ,        R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical, and        R′ is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl or sulfopropyl radical.     
     
     
       20. A carbon black paste comprising from  10  to  100 %  by weight, based on the weight of carbon black, of a dispersing additive having the formula:                        x is  1  to  2 ,        n is a number from  2  to  18 ,        m and o are each a number from  2  to  100 ,        k is a number from  2  to  4 ,        R″ is H or a linear or branched alkyl radical, and        R′ is an alkyl, alkaryl, alkenyl or sulfopropyl radical.     
     
     
       21. The phosphoric ester of  claim 17 , wherein o is not less than  4 . 
     
     
       22. The aqueous paste of  claim 19  wherein the ratio of m/o is from  1 : 10  to  10 : 1 . 
     
     
       23. The aqueous paste of  claim 19  wherein the ratio of m/o is from  1 : 2  to  10 : 1 . 
     
     
       24. The carbon black paste of  claim 20  wherein the ratio of m/o is from  1 : 10  to  10 : 1 . 
     
     
       25. The carbon black paste of  claim 20  wherein the ratio of m/o is from  1 : 2  to  10 : 1 .