Controlled diffraction efficiency far field viewing devices

Abstract

This invention pertains to the design of optimized far field viewing devices that simultaneously produce bright far field holographic light patterns and achieve good see-through performance to present a well focused scene. A far field transmission hologram recorded on a transparent substrate has regions having high diffraction efficiency juxtaposed with regions having low diffraction efficiency. The high diffraction efficiency regions contribute to production of bright far field holographic light patterns, whereas the low diffraction efficiency regions contribute to see-through performance.

1. A viewing device for viewing by a user, the device comprising:
 a support structure; and  
 a far field transmission hologram supported by the support structure, the far field transmission hologram having a graphic image encoded therein;  
 wherein, when the support structure is disposed in a viewing position of the user, the graphic image is superimposed, with substantially no reversed diffracted copy of the graphic image, on a natural scene as viewed by the user through the hologram, and  
 wherein the superimposed graphic image and the natural scene are viewable by the user in combination with substantial clarity.  
 
     
     
       2. The viewing device of  claim 1 , wherein the far field transmission hologram is a spatially varying diffraction efficiency far field hologram. 
     
     
       3. The viewing device of  claim 2 , wherein the far field transmission hologram is a fill factor modulated far field hologram. 
     
     
       4. The viewing device of  claim 3 , wherein the support structure is formed as a spectacle frame. 
     
     
       5. The viewing device of  claim 3 , wherein the support structure is formed as a hand-held viewer. 
     
     
       6. The viewing device of  claim 3 , wherein the support structure is formed as a bookmark. 
     
     
       7. The viewing device of  claim 3 , wherein the support structure is formed as an article of jewelry. 
     
     
       8. The viewing device of  claim 2 , wherein the far field transmission hologram has a high diffraction efficiency region with plural low diffraction efficiency regions distributed irregularly across the high diffraction efficiency region. 
     
     
       9. The viewing device of  claim 8 , wherein the percentage of area of the far field transmission hologram occupied by the plural low diffraction efficiency regions is selected so as to obtain a balance of un-diffracted light seen by the user and light diffracted into the graphic image. 
     
     
       10. The viewing device of  claim 8 , wherein the size of each of the plural low diffraction efficiency regions is selected to be sufficiently large so as to prevent any diffraction patterns caused by the low diffraction efficiency regions from distracting from the graphic image. 
     
     
       11. The viewing device of  claim 8 , wherein the size of each of the plural low diffraction efficiency regions is selected to be sufficiently small so as to prevent a need to maintain precise position with respect to an eye of the user in order to view the graphic image. 
     
     
       12. The viewing device of  claim 1 , wherein the far field transmission hologram is a computer-generated multilevel phase far field transmission hologram. 
     
     
       13. A viewing device for viewing by a user, the device comprising:
 a spectacle frame having lens apertures; and  
 a far field transmission hologram disposed in one or more of the lens apertures of the frame, the far field transmission hologram having a graphic image encoded therein;  
 wherein, when the spectacle frame is disposed in a viewing position of the user, the graphic image is superimposed, with substantially no reversed diffracted copy of the graphic image, on a natural scene as viewed by the user through the hologram, and  
 wherein the superimposed graphic image and the natural scene are viewable by the user in combination with substantial clarity.  
 
     
     
       14. The viewing device of  claim 13 , wherein the far field transmission hologram is a fill factor modulated far field hologram. 
     
     
       15. The viewing device of  claim 13 , wherein the far field transmission hologram is a spatially varying diffraction efficiency far field hologram. 
     
     
       16. The viewing device of  claim 13 , wherein the far field transmission hologram includes an interferometrically recorded pattern of optical phase variation. 
     
     
       17. The viewing device of  claim 13 , wherein the far field transmission hologram is a computer-generated multilevel phase far field transmission hologram. 
     
     
       18. A filter for use with a camera having a light gathering path and an image sensor, the filter comprising:
 a far field transmission hologram, the far field transmission hologram having a graphic image encoded therein and being adapted for mounting in the light gathering path;  
 wherein, when the far field transmission hologram is mounted in the light gathering path, the graphic image is superimposed, with substantially no reversed diffracted copy of the graphic image, on a natural scene as viewed by the image sensor through the hologram, and  
 wherein the superimposed graphic image and the natural scene are viewable by the image sensor in combination with substantial clarity.  
 
     
     
       19. The filter of  claim 18 , wherein the far field transmission hologram is a fill factor modulated far field hologram. 
     
     
       20. The filter of  claim 18 , wherein the far field transmission hologram is a computer-generated multilevel phase far field transmission hologram. 
     
     
       21. The filter of  claim 18 , further comprising:
 a filter frame, the far field transmission hologram being mounted in the frame.  
 
     
     
       22. A viewing device for viewing by a user, the device comprising:
   a support structure; and        a far field transmission hologram supported by the support structure, the far field transmission hologram having a graphic image encoded therein;        wherein, when the support structure is disposed in a viewing position of the user, the graphic image is superimposed on a natural scene as viewed by the user through the hologram,        wherein the superimposed graphic image and the natural scene are viewable by the user in combination with substantial clarity, and        wherein the far field transmission hologram is a spatially varying diffraction efficiency far field hologram.     
     
     
       23. The viewing device of  claim 22 , wherein the far field transmission hologram is a fill factor modulated far field hologram. 
     
     
       24. The viewing device of  claim 23 , wherein the support structure is formed as a spectacle frame. 
     
     
       25. The viewing device of  claim 23 , wherein the support structure is formed as a hand- held viewer.   
     
     
       26. The viewing device of  claim 23 , wherein the support structure is formed as a bookmark. 
     
     
       27. The viewing device of  claim 23 , wherein the support structure is formed as an article of jewelry. 
     
     
       28. The viewing device of  claim 22 , wherein the far field transmission hologram has a high diffraction efficiency region with plural low diffraction efficiency regions distributed irregularly across the high diffraction efficiency region. 
     
     
       29. The viewing device of  claim 28 , wherein the percentage of area of the far field transmission hologram occupied by the plural low diffraction efficiency regions is selected so as to obtain a balance of un- diffracted light seen by the user and light diffracted into the graphic image.   
     
     
       30. The viewing device of  claim 28 , wherein the size of each of the plural low diffraction efficiency regions is selected to be sufficiently large so as to prevent any diffraction patterns caused by the low diffraction efficiency regions from distracting from the graphic image. 
     
     
       31. The viewing device of  claim 28 , wherein the size of each of the plural low diffraction efficiency regions is selected to be sufficiently small so as to prevent a need to maintain precise position with respect to an eye of the user in order to view the graphic image. 
     
     
       32. A viewing device for viewing by a user, the device comprising:
   a spectacle frame having lens apertures; and        a far field transmission hologram disposed in one or more of the lens apertures of the frame, the far field transmission hologram having a graphic image encoded therein;        wherein, when the spectacle frame is disposed in a viewing position of the user, the graphic image is superimposed on a natural scene as viewed by the user through the hologram,        wherein the superimposed graphic image and the natural scene are viewable by the user in combination with substantial clarity, and        wherein the far field transmission hologram is a fill factor modulated far field hologram.     
     
     
       33. A viewing device for viewing by a user, the device comprising:
   a spectacle frame having lens apertures; and        a far field transmission hologram disposed in one or more of the lens apertures of the frame, the far field transmission hologram having a graphic image encoded therein;        wherein, when the spectacle frame is disposed in a viewing position of the user, the graphic image is superimposed on a natural scene as viewed by the user through the hologram,        wherein the superimposed graphic image and the natural scene are viewable by the user in combination with substantial clarity, and        wherein the far field transmission hologram is a spatially varying diffraction efficiency far field hologram.     
     
     
       34. A filter for use with a camera having a light gathering path and an image sensor, the filter comprising:
   a far field transmission hologram, the far field transmission hologram having a graphic image encoded therein and being adapted for mounting in the light gathering path;        wherein, when the far field transmission hologram is mounted in the light gathering path, the graphic image is superimposed on a natural scene as viewed by the image sensor through the hologram,        wherein the superimposed graphic image and the natural scene are viewable by the image sensor in combination with substantial clarity, and        wherein the far field transmission hologram is a fill factor modulated far field transmission hologram.     
     
     
       35. The filter of  claim 34 , further comprising:
   a filter frame, the far field transmission hologram being mounted in the frame.     
     
     
       36. A filter for use with a camera having a light gathering path and an image sensor, the filter comprising:
   a far field transmission hologram, the far field transmission hologram having a graphic image encoded therein and being adapted for mounting in the light gathering path;        wherein, when the far field transmission hologram is mounted in the light gathering path, the graphic image is superimposed on a natural scene as viewed by the image sensor through the hologram,        wherein the superimposed graphic image and the natural scene are viewable by the image sensor in combination with substantial clarity, and        wherein the far field transmission hologram is a spatially varying diffraction efficiency hologram.     
     
     
       37. The filter of  claim 36 , further comprising:
   a filter frame, the far field transmission hologram being mounted in the frame.     
     
     
       38. A viewing device for viewing by a user, the device comprising:
   a support structure; and        a far field transmission hologram supported by the support structure, the far field transmission hologram having a graphic image encoded therein;        wherein, when the support structure is disposed in a viewing position of the user, the graphic image is superimposed on a natural scene as viewed by the user through the hologram,        wherein the superimposed graphic image and the natural scene are viewable by the user in combination with substantial clarity,        wherein the far field transmission hologram is a spatially varying diffraction efficiency far field hologram, and        wherein the far field transmission hologram has plural high diffraction efficiency regions and plural low diffraction efficiency regions distributed among the high diffraction efficiency regions.     
     
     
       39. A viewing device of  claim 38 , wherein at least a portion of the plural high diffraction efficiency regions are contiguous with one another. 
     
     
       40. A viewing device of  claim 38 , wherein at least a portion of the plural low diffraction efficiency regions are contiguous with one another. 
     
     
       41. A viewing device of  claim 38 , wherein the plural low diffraction efficiency regions are distributed irregularly among the high diffraction efficiency regions.