Wide bandwidth multi-mode antenna

Abstract

A wideband multi-mode antenna having low VSWR operating characteristics. The antenna is has a shape similar to a helical antenna, but is formed from a right-triangularly shaped piece of conductive material. The result is a rolled planar antenna having a height and diameter predetermined to provide optimum VSWR for a given frequency range.

1. A wideband multi-mode antenna, comprising:
 an antenna element made from a single right triangularly shaped sheet of conductive material, the material having a height and a base dimension;  
 wherein the conductive material has a rolled shape, such that the antenna has the height of the conductive material, a number of turns having spacing between them, and a base diameter, and a pointed tip .  
 
     
     
       2. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the spacing between the turns is uniform. 
     
     
       3. The antenna of  claim 1 , further comprising a dielectric material between the turns. 
     
     
       4. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the height to the diameter is less than 15:1. 
     
     
       5. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the height to the diameter is greater than 5:1. 
     
     
       6. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the number of turns is less than four. 
     
     
       7. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the conductive material is a mesh material. 
     
     
       8. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the conductive material has a curved hypotenuse. 
     
     
       9. The antenna of  claim 1 , further comprising a radome enclosing the antenna element. 
     
     
       10. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the height is approximately in the range of 0.2 to 0.24 of the wavelength of a low frequency of operation. 
     
     
       11. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the diameter is approximately 0.02 of the wavelength of a low frequency of operation. 
     
     
       12. The antenna of  claim 1 , further comprising a ground plane upon which the antenna element is mounted. 
     
     
       13. The antenna of  claim 12 , wherein the spacing between the ground plane and the base of the antenna element results in a ratio of approximately 50:1, representing the ratio of total height of the antenna above the ground plane to the spacing. 
     
     
       14. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the height is approximately 0.86 times c divided by 4f, where f is a desired low frequency of operation. 
     
     
       15. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the base is approximately the height divided by K, where K is a constant ranging from 1.3 to 1.7. 
     
     
       16. The antenna of  claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the conductive material is less than 0.002 of the height. 
     
     
       17. The antenna of  claim 1 , further comprising a feed point at the innermost point of the base. 
     
     
       18. A diopole type antenna, comprising:
 two antenna elements, each made from a single right triangularly shaped sheet of conductive material, having a height and a base dimension;  
 wherein the conductive material has a rolled shape, such that the antenna has the height of the conductive material, a number of turns having spacing between them, and a base diameter, and a pointed tip ;  
 wherein the antenna elements are connected to form a dipole.  
 
     
     
       19. The antenna of  claim 18 , wherein the antenna elements form mirror images. 
     
     
       20. The antenna of  claim 18 , wherein the antenna elements form reverse images. 
     
     
       21. A method of manufacturing an antenna, comprising the steps of:
 forming a right-triangularly shaped sheet of conductive material, having a height and a base dimension; and  
 rolling the material along the height dimension, to form the antenna such that the antenna has the height of the conductive material, a number of turns having spacing between them, and a base diameter, and a pointed tip .  
 
     
     
       22. The method of  claim 21 , wherein the rolling step is performed such that the spacing between turns is uniform. 
     
     
       23. The method of  claim 21 , wherein the rolling step is performed such that the ratio of the height to the diameter is less than 15:1. 
     
     
       24. The method of  claim 21 , wherein the rolling step is performed such that the ratio of the height to the diameter is greater than 5:1. 
     
     
       25. The method of  claim 21 , wherein the height is approximately 0.86 times c divided by 4f, where f is a desired low frequency of operation. 
     
     
       26. The method of  claim 21 , wherein the base is approximately the height divided by K, where K is a constant ranging from 1.3 to 1.7. 
     
     
       27. The method of  claim 21 , wherein the thickness of the conductive material is less than 0.002 of the height. 
     
     
       28. The method of  claim 21 , wherein the forming step and the rolling step are performed to provide a height to diameter ratio that results in a desired VSWR. 
     
     
       29. The method of  claim 21 , further comprising the step of affixing an antenna feed point to the base of the antenna. 
     
     
       30. The method of  claim 29 , wherein the feed point is at the innermost point of the base. 
     
     
       31. The method of  claim 29 , wherein the feed point is placed at a location that produces a desired VSWR. 
     
     
       32. The method of  claim 21 , further comprising the step of adjusting the spacing between turns to provide a desired bandwidth. 
     
     
       33. The method of  claim 21 , further comprising the step of placing a dielectric material between the turns. 
     
     
       34. A wideband multi- mode antenna, comprising:      a substantially triangular sheet of conductive material, rolled such that the material has one or more turns;        wherein the antenna has a height along the axis of the turns and a diameter determined by the outside surface of the turns; and        wherein the turns have spacing between them.     
     
     
       35. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the ratio of the height to the diameter is designed to provide a desired bandwidth. 
     
     
       36. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the height is designed to provide a desired operating frequency of the antenna. 
     
     
       37. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the diameter is designed to provide a desired operating frequency of the antenna. 
     
     
       38. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the height and diameter are designed to provide multiple operation modes of the antenna. 
     
     
       39. The antenna of  claim 34 , further comprising a ground plane, and further comprising a spacer between the antenna and the ground plane. 
     
     
       40. The antenna of  claim 39 , wherein the height of the spacer is designed to provide a desired bandwidth. 
     
     
       41. The antenna of  claim 39 , wherein the height of the spacer is designed to provide a desired operating frequency of the antenna. 
     
     
       42. The antenna of  claim 39 , wherein the height of the spacer is designed to provide multiple operation modes of the antenna. 
     
     
       43. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the spacing between the turns is designed to provide a desired bandwidth. 
     
     
       44. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the spacing between the turns is designed to provide a desired operating frequency of the antenna. 
     
     
       45. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the spacing between the turns is designed to provide multiple operation modes of the antenna. 
     
     
       46. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the feed point of the antenna is designed to provide a desired bandwidth. 
     
     
       47. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the feed point of the antenna is designed to provide a desired VSWR. 
     
     
       48. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the one or more turns have a linear upper surface. 
     
     
       49. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the one or more turns have an concave upper surface. 
     
     
       50. The antenna of  claim 34 , wherein the one or more turns have a convex upper surface. 
     
     
       51. A method of manufacturing an antenna, comprising the steps of:
   rolling a sheet of generally triangular material, thereby forming a rolled shape having a height along the axis of the rolled shape, a diameter around the outer surface of the rolled shape, and one or more turns having spacing between them.     
     
     
       52. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of adjusting the height of the planar material to provide a desired bandwidth. 
     
     
       53. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of adjusting the height of the planar material to provide a desired operating frequency of the antenna. 
     
     
       54. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of adjusting the height of the planar material to provide a combination of operating modes of the antenna. 
     
     
       55. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of adjusting the diameter of the planar material to provide a desired bandwidth. 
     
     
       56. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of adjusting the diameter of the planar material to provide a desired operating frequency of the antenna. 
     
     
       57. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of adjusting the diameter of the planar material to provide a desired combination of operating modes of the antenna. 
     
     
       58. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of placing the antenna above a ground plane, and of adjusting the spacing of the antenna above the ground plane to provide a desired bandwidth. 
     
     
       59. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of placing the antenna above a ground plane, and of adjusting the spacing of the antenna above the ground plane to provide a desired operating frequency of the antenna. 
     
     
       60. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of placing the antenna above a ground plane, and of adjusting the spacing of the antenna above the ground plane to provide a desired combination of operating modes of the antenna. 
     
     
       61. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of adjusting the spacing between turns to provide a desired bandwidth. 
     
     
       62. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of adjusting the spacing between turns to provide a desired operating frequency of the antenna. 
     
     
       63. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of adjusting the spacing between turns to provide a desired combination of operating modes of the antenna. 
     
     
       64. The method of  claim 51 , further comprising the step of adjusting the feedpoint of the antenna to provide a desired bandwidth.