Rate loop processor for perceptual encoder/decoder

Abstract

A method and apparatus for quantizing audio signals is disclosed which advantageously produces a quantized audio signal which can be encoded within an acceptable range. Advantageously, the quantizer uses a scale factor which is interpolated between a threshold based on the calculated threshold of hearing at a given frequency and the absolute threshold of hearing at the same frequency.

1. A method of coding an audio signal comprising:
 (a) converting a time domain representation of the audio signal into a frequency domain representation of the audio signal, the frequency domain representation comprising a set of frequency coefficients;    (b) calculating a masking threshold based upon the set of frequency coefficients;    (c) using a rate loop processor in an iterative fashion to determine a set of quantization step size coefficients for use in encoding the set of frequency coefficients, said set of quantization step size coefficients determined by using the masking threshold and an absolute hearing threshold; and    (d) coding the set of frequency coefficients based upon the set of quantization step size coefficients.    
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1   A method of coding an audio signal comprising:
 ( a )  converting a time domain representation of the audio signal into a frequency domain representation of the audio signal, the frequency domain representation comprising a set of frequency coefficients;    
 ( b )  calculating a masking threshold based upon the set of frequency coefficients;    
 ( c )  using a rate loop processor in an iterative fashion to determine a set of quantization step size coefficients for use in encoding the set of frequency coefficients, said set of quantization step size coefficients determined by using the masking threshold and an absolute hearing threshold; and    
 ( d )  coding the set of frequency coefficients based upon the set of quantization step size coefficients,   
 wherein the set of frequency coefficients are MDCT coefficients.  
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1  wherein the using the rate loop processor in the iterative fashion is discontinued when a cost, measured by the number of bits necessary to code the set of frequency coefficients, is within a predetermined range. 
     
     
       4. A decoder for decoding a set of frequency coefficients representing an audio signal, the decoder comprising:
 (a) means for receiving the set of coefficients, the set of frequency coefficients having been encoded by: 
 (1) converting a time domain representation of the audio signal into a frequency domain representation of the audio signal comprising the set of frequency coefficients;  
 (2) calculating a masking threshold based upon the set of frequency coefficients;  
 (3) using a rate loop processor in an iterative fashion to determine a set of quantization step size coefficients needed to encode the set of frequency coefficients, said set of quantization step size coefficients determined by using the masking threshold and an absolute hearing threshold; and  
 (4) coding the set of frequency coefficients based upon the set of quantization step size coefficients; and  
   (b) means for converting the set of coefficients to a time domain signal.    
     
     
       5. A method of coding an audio signal comprising:
 ( a )  converting a time domain representation of the audio signal into a frequency domain representation of the audio signal, the frequency domain representation comprising a set of frequency coefficients;      ( b )  calculating a masking threshold based upon the set of frequency coefficients;      ( c )  using a rate loop processor in an iterative fashion to determine a set of quantization step size coefficients for use in encoding the set of frequency coefficients, said set of quantization step size coefficients determined by using the masking threshold and an absolute hearing threshold; and      ( d )  coding the set of frequency coefficients based upon the set of quantization step size coefficients,        wherein said using the masking threshold and the absolute hearing threshold to determine the set of quantization step size coefficients comprises using the absolute hearing threshold to modify the masking threshold and then using the modified masking threshold to determine the set of quantization step size coefficients.     
     
     
       6. A method of coding an audio signal comprising:
 ( a )  converting a time domain representation of the audio signal into a frequency domain representation of the audio signal, the frequency domain representation comprising a set of frequency coefficients;      ( b )  calculating a masking threshold based upon the set of frequency coefficients;      ( c )  using a rate loop processor in an iterative fashion to determine a set of quantization step size coefficients for use in encoding the set of frequency coefficients, said set of quantization step size coefficients determined by using the masking threshold and an absolute hearing threshold; and      ( d )  coding the set of frequency coefficients based upon the set of quantization step size coefficients,        wherein the masking threshold is modified based on the absolute hearing threshold, and wherein said using the masking threshold and the absolute hearing threshold to determine the set of quantization step size coefficients comprises using the modified masking threshold to determine the set of quantization step size coefficients.     
     
     
       7. A decoder for decoding a set of frequency coefficients representing an audio signal, the decoder comprising:
 ( a )  means for receiving the set of coefficients, the set of frequency coefficients having been encoded by:  
 (   1   )  converting a time domain representation of the audio signal into a frequency domain representation of the audio signal comprising the set of frequency coefficients;    
 (   2   )  calculating a masking threshold based upon the set of frequency coefficients;    
 (   3   )  using a rate loop processor in an iterative fashion to determine a set of quantization step size coefficients needed to encode the set of frequency coefficients, said set of quantization step size coefficients determined by using the masking threshold and an absolute hearing threshold; and    
 (   4   )  coding the set of frequency coefficients based upon the set of quantization step size coefficients; and    
   ( b )  means for converting the set of coefficients to a time domain signal,        wherein said using the masking threshold and the absolute hearing threshold to determine the set of quantization step size coefficients comprised using the absolute hearing threshold to modify the masking threshold and then using the modified masking threshold to determine the set of quantization step size coefficients.     
     
     
       8. A decoder for decoding a set of frequency coefficients representing an audio signal, the decoder comprising:
 ( a )  means for receiving the set of coefficients, the set of frequency coefficients having been encoded by:  
 (   1   )  converting a time domain representation of the audio signal into a frequency domain representation of the audio signal comprising the set of frequency coefficients;    
 (   2   )  calculating a masking threshold based upon the set of frequency coefficients;    
 (   3   )  using a rate loop processor in an iterative fashion to determine a set of quantization step size coefficients needed to encode the set of frequency coefficients, said set of quantization step size coefficients determined by using the masking threshold and an absolute hearing threshold; and    
 (   4   )  coding the set of frequency coefficients based upon the set of quantization step size coefficients; and    
   ( b )  means for converting the set of coefficients to a time domain signal,        wherein the masking threshold was modified based on the absolute hearing threshold, and wherein said using the masking threshold and the absolute hearing threshold to determine the set of quantization step size coefficients comprised using the modified masking threshold to determine the set of quantization step size coefficients.