Polyelectrolyte, non-aqueous electrolyte, and electrical device containing the same

Abstract

Provided are a polymeric electrolyte or a nonaqueous electrolyte that can improve a transport rate of charge carrier ions by adding a compound having boron atoms in the structure, preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formulas (1) to (4), and an electric device such as a cell or the like using the same. wherein R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 36 , R 37 , R 38 , R 39 , R 310 , R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 , R 45 , R 46 , R 47 , R 48 , R 49 , R 410 , R 411 and R 412 each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a monovalent group, or represent groups bound to each other to form a ring, and Ra, Rb, Rc and Rd each represent a group having a site capable of being bound to boron atoms which are the same or different.

1. A polymeric electrolyte comprising an electrolytic salt, a polymeric compound forming a complex with the electrolytic salt and a compound having boron atoms which is one or more selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formulas (1) to (4) 
                 
 
       wherein R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15  and R 16  in formula (1), R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27  and R 28  in formula (2), R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 36 , R 37 , R 38 , R 39  and R 310  in formula (3), and R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 , R 45 , R 46 , R 47 , R 48 , R 49 , R 410 , R 411  and R 412  in formula (4), which may be the same or different, each represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a monovalent group, or are bound to each other to form a ring,
 R a  in formula (1) represents a group having a site capable of being bound to at least 3 boron atoms which are the same or different, R b  in formula (2) represents a group having a site capable of being bound to at least 4 boron atoms which are the same or different, R c  in formula (3) represents a group having a site capable of being bound to at least 5 boron atoms which are the same or different, and R d  in formula (4) represents a group having a site capable of being bound to at least 6 boron atoms which are the same or different.  
 
     
     
       2. The polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 1 , wherein R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , R 34 , R 35 , R 36 , R 37 , R 3 8, R 39 , R 310 , R 41 , R 42 , R 43 , R 44 , R 45 , R 46 , R 47 , R 48 , R 49 , R 410 , R 411  and R 412  are one or more of an alkyl group, an aryl group and flourine-substituted derivatives thereof. 
     
     
       3. The polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 1  or  2 , wherein the polymeric compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of a polyalkylene, a polyether, a polyester, a polyamine, a polyimide, a polyurethane, a polysulfide, a polyphosphazene, a polysiloxane, derivatives thereof, copolymers thereof and crosslinked products thereof. 
     
     
       4. The polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 1  or  2 , wherein the polymeric compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of a polyalkylene oxide, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, derivatives thereof, copolymers thereof and crosslinked products thereof. 
     
     
       5. The polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 1  or  2 , wherein the electrolytic salt is a metallic salt. 
     
     
       6. The polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 5 , wherein the metallic salt is a lithium salt. 
     
     
       7. The polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 6 , wherein the lithium salt is one or more selected from the group consisting of LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiC(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiCl, LiF, LiBr, LiI, derivatives thereof and like. 
     
     
       8. The polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 1  or  2 , further comprising a nonaqueous solvent. 
     
     
       9. The polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 8 , wherein the nonaqueous solvent is an aprotic solvent. 
     
     
       10. The polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 9 , wherein the aprotic solvent is one or more selected from the group consisting of carbonates, lactones, ethers, sulfolanes and dioxolanes. 
     
     
       11. The polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 1  or  2 , wherien the molar ratio of the compound having boron atoms to the electrolytic salt is 0.1:100 to 300:100. 
     
     
       12. An electric device comprising the polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 1  or  2 . 
     
     
       13. A cell comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and the polymeric electrolyte according to  claim 1  or  2 , said electrodes being linked through said electrolyte. 
     
     
       14. The cell according to  claim 13 , wherein the positive electrode is made of a double metal oxide capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, and the negative electrode is made of a lithium metal, a lithium alloy or a compound capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions.