Methods and apparatus for cooling gas turbine nozzles

Abstract

A method for assembling a turbine nozzle for a gas turbine engine facilitates improving cooling efficiency of the turbine nozzle. The method includes providing a hollow doublet including a leading airfoil and a trailing airfoil coupled by at least one platform, wherein each airfoil includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall that extend between a respective leading and trailing edge. The method also includes inserting an insert into at least one of the airfoils, wherein the insert includes a first sidewall including a first plurality of cooling openings that extending therethrough, and a second sidewall including a second plurality of cooling openings extending therethrough, and wherein the first plurality of cooling openings facilitate more cooling of the airfoil than the second plurality of cooling openings.

1. A method for assembling a turbine nozzle for a gas turbine engine, said method comprising:
 providing a hollow doublet including a leading airfoil vane and a trailing airfoil vane coupled by at least one platform, wherein each airfoil vane includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall that extend between a respective leading and trailing edge;  
 inserting an insert into at least one of the airfoil vanes, wherein the insert includes a first sidewall including a first plurality of cooling openings that extending therethrough, and a second sidewall including a second plurality of cooling openings extending therethrough, and wherein the first plurality of cooling openings facilitie cooling the airfoil more than the second plurality of cooling openings;  
 inserting second insert into the remaining airfoil vane, wherein the first and second inserts non-identical.  
 
     
     
       2. A method in accordance with  claim 1  wherein each airfoil vane includes a pressure side and a suction side, inserting an insert into at least one of the airfoil vanes further comprises inserting an insert into at least one of the airfoil vanes to facilitate biasing cooling airfoil towards the suction side of the airfoil vane. 
     
     
       3. A method in accordance with  claim 1  wherein the first sidewall of each airfoil vane is convex, and the second sidewall of each airfoil vane is concave, inserting an insert into at least one of the airfoil vanes further comprises inserting an insert into at least one of the airfoil vanes to facilitate biasing cooling airfoil towards the convex side of the airfoil vane. 
     
     
       4. A method in accordance with  claim 1  wherein inserting an insert into at least one of the airfoil vanes further comprises inserting a first insert into the leading airfoil vane and a second insert into the trailing airfoil vane to facilitate cooling the trailing airfoil vane more than the leading airfoil vane. 
     
     
       5. A method in accordance with  claim 1  wherein inserting an insert into at least one of the airfoil vanes further comprises inserting a first insert into the leading airfoil vane and a second insert into the trailing airfoil vane to facilitate reducing thermal stresses within the airfoil nozzle. 
     
     
       6. A method of operating a gas turbine engine, said method comprising:
 directing fluid flow through the engine using at least one turbine airfoil nozzle that includes a leading airfoil and a trailing airfoil coupled by at least one platform that is formed integrally with the leading and trailing airfoils, and wherein each respective airfoil includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall that extend between respective leading and trailing edges to define a cavity therein; and  
 directing cooling air into the turbine airfoil nozzle such that the nozzle trailing airfoil is cooled more than the leading airfoil.  
 
     
     
       7. A method in accordance with  claim 6  wherein directing cooling air into the turbine airfoil nozzle further comprises directing airflow into each respective airfoil cavity through an insert installed within the turbine nozzle to facilitate reducing thermal stresses within the turbine airfoil nozzle. 
     
     
       8. A method in accordance with  claim 6  wherein directing cooling air into the turbine airfoil nozzle further comprises directing airfoil through at least one insert installed within the turbine nozzle that includes a first plurality of cooling openings in flow communication with the airfoil first sidewall, and a second plurality of cooling openings in flow communication with the airfoil second sidewall, wherein the first plurality of cooling openings facilitate cooling the airfoil more than the second plurality of cooling openings. 
     
     
       9. A method in accordance with  claim 8  wherein the first sidewall defines a suction side of the respective airfoil, and the second sidewall defines a pressure side of the respective airfoil, directing cooling air into the turbine airfoil nozzle further comprises biasing airflow entering the airfoil with the insert towards the suction side of the airfoil. 
     
     
       10. A method in accordance with  claim 8  wherein the first sidewall is convex, and the second sidewall is concave, directing cooling air into the turbine airfoil nozzle further comprises biasing airflow entering the airfoil with the insert towards the convex side of the airfoil. 
     
     
       11. A method in accordance with  claim 6  wherein directing cooling air into the airfoil nozzle further comprises directing airflow into each respective airfoil through a pair of non-identical inserts installed within the turbine nozzle, such that the trailing airfoil is biased to receive more cooling air flow than the leading airfoil. 
     
     
       12. A turbine nozzle for a gas turbine engine, said nozzle comprising:
 a pair of identical airfoil vanes coupled by at least one platform that is formed integrally with said airfoil vanes, each said airfoil vane comprising a first sidewall and a second sidewall connected at a leading edge and a trailing edge to define a cavity therebetween, said airflow vane first sidewall defines an airfoil vane suction side, said airfoil vane second sidewall defines an airfoil vane pressure side; and  
 at least one inset configured to be inserted within said airfoil vane cavity and comprising a first sidewall and a second sidewall, said insert first sidewall is adjacent said airfoil vane first sidewall, said insert first sidewall comprising a first plurality of openings extending therethrough for directing cooling air towards at least one of said airfoil vane first and second sidewalls, said insert second sidewall comprising a second plurality of openings extending therethrough for directing cooling air towards at least one of said airfoil vane first and second sidewalls, said first plurality of openings configured to facilitate more vane sidewall cooling than said second plurality of openings, said first plurality of cooling openings is greater than said insert second plurality of cooling openings.  
 
     
     
       13. A nozzle in accordance with  claim 12  wherein said airfoil vane first sidewall defines an airfoil vane suction side, said airfoil vane second sidewall defines an airfoil vane pressure side, said at least one insert further configured to be inserted within at least one airflow cavity such that said insert first sidewall is adjacent said airfoil vane first sidewall. 
     
     
       14. A nozzle in accordance with claim  13    12  wherein said airfoil vane first sidewall is convex, said airfoil vane second sidewall is concave, said insert further configured to facilitate cooling said airfoil vane first sidewall more than said airfoil vane second sidewall.
   15 .A nozzle in accordance with claim  13   12 wherein said at least one insert further configured to be inserted such that said insert first sidewall is in flow communication and adjacent said airfoil vane first sidewall, said insert first sidewall is convex, said insert second sidewall is concave. 
 
     
     
       16. A nozzle in accordance with claim  13    12  wherein said pair of airfoil vanes further comprise a leading airfoil vane and a trailing airfoil vane, said at least one insert further comprises a first insert installed within said leading airfoil vane, and a non-identical second insert installed within said tailing airfoil vane, said inserts configured to facilitate cooling said trailing airfoil vane more than said leading airfoil vane. 
     
     
       17. A nozzle in accordance with claim  13    12  wherein said at least one insert further configured to facilitate reducing thermal stresses within said nozzle. 
     
     
       18. A turbine nozzle for a gas turbine engine, said nozzle comprising:
   a leading airfoil; and        a trailing airfoil; and        at least one platform that is formed integrally with said leading and trailing airfoils, and wherein each respective airfoil comprises a first sidewall and a second sidewall that extend between respective leading and trailing edges to define a cavity therein; and        at least one insert inserted within said airfoil cavity, said turbine nozzle coupled to a cooling system configured to direct cooling air into the turbine airfoil nozzle such that a portion of said trailing airfoil is cooled more than other portions of said trailing airfoil, and such that said trailing airfoil first sidewall is cooled more than said leading airfoil first sidewall.     
     
     
       19. A turbine nozzle in accordance with  claim 18  wherein said turbine airfoil nozzle is further configured to receive cooling air such that a portion of the leading airfoil is cooled more than other portions of the leading airfoil. 
     
     
       20. A turbine nozzle in accordance with  claim 18  wherein said turbine nozzle is further comprises:
   a first insert configured to be inserted within one of the airfoil vanes, wherein the first insert comprises a first sidewall including a first plurality of cooling openings extending therethrough, and a second sidewall including a second plurality of cooling openings extending therethrough, and wherein the first plurality of cooling openings facilitate cooling the airfoil more than the second plurality of cooling openings, and wherein the first plurality of cooling openings is greater than the second plurality of cooling openings; and        a second insert configured to be inserted within the remaining airfoil vane.     
     
     
       21. A turbine nozzle in accordance with  claim 20  wherein said first and second inserts are identical. 
     
     
       22. A turbine nozzle in accordance with  claim 20  wherein said first and second inserts are non- identical.   
     
     
       23. A turbine nozzle in accordance with  claim 20  wherein said first sidewall defines a pressure side of the respective airfoil, and said second sidewall defines a suction side of the respective airfoil, said insert configured to bias cooling airflow entering the airfoil towards the suction side of the airfoil. 
     
     
       24. A turbine nozzle in accordance with  claim 20  wherein said first sidewall is concave, and said second sidewall is convex, said insert configured to bias cooling airfoil entering the airfoil towards the concave side of the airfoil. 
     
     
       25. A turbine nozzle in accordance with  claim 18  wherein said nozzle comprises a pair of non- identical inserts configured to bias the cooling air directed to the trailing airfoil more than the cooling air flow directed to the leading airfoil.