Fuel oils having improved lubricity comprising mixtures of fatty acids with paraffin dispersants, and a lubrication-improving additive

Abstract

The invention relates to low-temperature-stabilized additives for fuel oils having a sulfur content of up 0.05% by weight, comprising fatty acid mixtures of A1) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one saturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 50 carbon atoms, A2) from 1 to 99% by weight of at least one unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and B) at least one polar nitrogen-containing compound which is effective as paraffin dispersant in middle distillates, in an amount of from 0.01 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of A1), A2) and B); and to the use of said mixtures for improving the lubrication properties of low-sulfur middle distillates.

1. A low-temperature-stabilized additive for fuel oils having a sulfur content of up to 0.05 weight percent, comprising fatty acid mixtures comprising
 A1) from 1 to 99 weight percent of at least one saturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 50 carbon atoms,  
 A2) from 1 to 99 weight percent of at least one unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and  
 B) at least one polar nitrogen-containing compound, being a product of a secondary fatty amine having from  8  to  36  carbon atoms, which is effective as paraffin dispersant in middle distillates, in an amount of from 0.01 to 90 weight percent, based on the total weight of A1), A2), and B),  
 
       wherein a mixture of A1) and A2) has an iodine number of at least 40 g of 1/100 g, and said at least one polar nitrogen-containing compound B)  is a terpolymer comprising:  
   I) 20 - 80  mol  %  of a divalent structural unit of formula  12  and a divalent structural unit selected from the group consisting of formula  14 ,  13 , and mixtures thereof,                      
 
       
         where  
         
           R 
           22  
           and R 
           23 
           , independently of one another, are hydrogen or methyl,  
         
         
           a and b are zero or one and a+b is one,  
         
           R   24    and R   25    are identical or different and are —NHR   6   , N(R   6)   2    or —OR   27    or a combination thereof, and R   27    is a cation of the formula H   2   N(R   6 ) 2    or H   3   NR   6   , and    
         
           R 
           6  
           is selected from the group consisting of C 
           8 
           -C 
           36-alkyl, C 
           6 
           -C 
           36-cycloalkyl, and C 
           8 
           -C 
           36-alkenyl,  
         
           II )    19 - 80  mol  %  of a divalent structural unit of formula  15                       
       
       
         in which  
         
           R 
           28  
           is hydrogen or C 
           1 
           -C 
           4-alkyl, and  
         
         
           R 
           29  
           is C 
           6 
           -C 
           60-alkyl or C 
           6 
           -C 
           18-aryl, and  
         
           III )    1 - 30  mol  %  of a divalent structural unit of formula  16                       
       
       
         in which  
         
           R 
           30  
           is hydrogen or methyl,  
         
         
           R 
           31  
           is hydrogen or C 
           1 
           -C 
           4-alkyl,  
         
         
           R 
           33  
           is C 
           1 
           -C 
           4-alkylene,  
         
         
           m is a number from  1  to  100 ,  
         
           R   32    is C   1   -C   24-alkyl, C   5   -C   20-cycloalkyl, C   8   -C   18-aryl or —C(O)—R   34   , where R   34    is C   1   -C   40-alkyl, C   5   -C   10-cycloalkyl or C   6   -C   18-aryl .  
       
     
     
       2. The low-temperature-stabilized additive of  claim 1  wherein the secondary amine is selected from the group consisting of dicoconut fatty amine, ditallow fatty amine, distearyl fatty amine and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
       3. The low-temperature-stabilized additive of  claim 1 , wherein component B comprises oil-soluble polar amine salts or amides. 
     
     
       4. The low-temperature-stabilized additive of  claim 1 , wherein component A)  comprises from  1  to  40   %  by weight of resin acids   
     
     
       5. The low-temperature-stabilized additive of  claim 1 , wherein A 1 )   and A 2 ) are each a mono-or dicarboxylic acid having from  12  to  22  carbon atoms.