Zoomable beamspreader with matched optical surfaces for non-imaging illumination applications

Abstract

A zoomable light beam spreader comprising first and second multiple-lens arrays includes a plurality of plano-convex lenses in correspondence with a plurality of plano-concave lenses having matched, curved optical surfaces. In a zero-power state, the two multiple-lens arrays are very closely spaced so that the matched convex and concave surfaces effectively cancel each other optically but, as the two arrays are separated coaxially along the axis of a light beam, beam divergence angle increases as a function of the distance of separation. A large amount of beam divergence is obtained when the curved surfaces of the plano-concave lenses of the second array are positioned beyond the focus points of the plano-convex lenses of the first array.

1. An apparatus for controlling divergence of a beam of light, comprising:
 a first multiple-lens array comprising a plurality of plano-convex lenses arranged in a pattern and supported on a transparent substrate;  
 a second multiple-lens array comprising a plurality of plano-concave lenses arranged in a pattern and supported on a transparent substrate;  
 the first and second multiple-lens arrays being formed so that a curvature of convex lens surfaces of the first array matches a curvature of concave surfaces of the second array, and each convex lens surface of the first array corresponds to and is aligned with a matching concave lens surface of the second array;  
 the first and second multiple-lens arrays being disposed serially and coaxially in a light beam path such that convex lens surfaces of the first array are generally adjacent concave surfaces of the second array;  
 one of the multiple-lens arrays being movable coaxially with respect to the other of the multiple-lens arrays; and  
 wherein either no substantial transmission or no substantial refraction of the beam of light takes place in any spacing between the plurality of lenses of at least one of the first and the second multiple-lens arrays.  
 
     
     
       2. The apparatus of  claim 1 , in which the plano-convex lenses and the plano-convex lenses  and the plano-concave lenses are arranged in a substantially hexagonal pattern. 
     
     
       3. The apparatus of  claim 1 , in which perimeters of the plano-convex lenses and the plano-concave lenses are generally circular. 
     
     
       4. The apparatus of  claim 1 , in which perimeters of the plano-convex lenses and the plano-concave lenses have a polygonal shape. 
     
     
       5. The apparatus of  claim 1 , in which areas between the plano-convex lenses and the plano-concave lenses are covered with an opaque masking material. 
     
     
       6. The apparatus of  claim 1 , in which curvatures of the plano-convex lenses and the plano-concave lenses are spherical. 
     
     
       7. The apparatus of  claim 1 , in which curvatures of the plano-convex lenses and the plano-concave lenses are aspheric. 
     
     
       8. The apparatus of  claim 1 , in which the plano-convex lenses and the plano-concave lenses are integrally formed in the transparent substrates. 
     
     
       9. The apparatus of  claim 1 , in which the plano-convex lenses and the plano-concave lenses are separately formed and are affixed to the transparent substrates. 
     
     
       10. An apparatus for controlling the divergence of a beam of light comprising:
 a first lens having a central axis coaxial with the beam of light, having a planar surface incident with and orthogonal to the beam of light and having a convex surface opposing the planar surface, said first lens having a positive optical power; and    a second lens having a central axis coaxial with the beam of light, having a concave surface incident with the beam of light after passing through the first lens and having a planar surface opposing the concave surface, the concave surface having a complementary curvature to the convex surface, said second lens having a negative optical power equal to but opposite of said optical power of said first lens, the divergence of the beam of light being controlled by a variable spacing between the first and second lenses wherein a combined optical power of said first and second lenses is substantially zero when said first and second lenses are positioned as closely together as possible.    
     
     
       11. An apparatus as in  claim 10  further comprising a linear actuator for moving one of the first and second lenses relative to the other in a direction parallel to the path of the beam of light. 
     
     
       12. An apparatus as in  claim 11  wherein the linear actuator comprises a threaded drive shaft actuated by a servomotor. 
     
     
       13. An apparatus as in  claim 10  wherein the convex surface of the first lens is aspheric. 
     
     
       14. An apparatus as in  claim 10  wherein the convex surface of the first lens is spherical. 
     
     
       15. An apparatus as in  claim 10  wherein the beam of light is provided by an apparatus including:
 a concave reflector; and    a light source positioned at the focal point of the concave reflector.    
     
     
       16. An apparatus as in  claim 15  wherein the concave reflector is a parabolic reflector. 
     
     
       17. An apparatus for controlling the divergence of a beam of light comprising:
 a first lens array having a central axis coaxial with the beam of light, said first lens array comprising a planar surface incident with and orthogonal to the beam of light and a plurality of convex surface elements in an array opposing the planar surface;  
 a second lens array having a central axis coaxial with the beam of light, said second lens array comprising a plurality of concave surface elements in an array forming a surface incident with the beam of light after passing through the first lens array and a planar surface opposing the concave surface elements, the concave surface elements having a complementary curvature to the convex surface elements, the divergence of the beam of light being controlled by the spacing between the first and second lens arrays; and  
 wherein either no substantial transmission or no substantial refraction of the beam of light takes place in any spacing between the plurality of surface elements of at least one of the first and the second lens arrays.  
 
     
     
       18. An apparatus as in  claim 17  further comprising a linear actuator for moving one of the first and second lens arrays relative to the other in a direction parallel to the path of the beam of light. 
     
     
       19. An apparatus as in  claim 17  wherein the linear actuator comprises a threaded drive shaft actuated by a servomotor. 
     
     
       20. An apparatus as in  claim 17  wherein the convex surfaces of the first lens array are aspheric. 
     
     
       21. An apparatus as in  claim 17  wherein the convex surfaces of the first lens array are spherical. 
     
     
       22. An apparatus as in  claim 17  wherein the beam of light is provided by an apparatus including:
 a concave reflector; and  
 a light source positioned at the focal point of the concave reflector.  
 
     
     
       23. An apparatus as in  claim 22  wherein the concave reflector is a parabolic reflector. 
     
     
       24. A method for controlling divergence of a beam of light, comprising:
 providing a first multiple-lens array comprising a plurality of plano-convex lenses arranged in a pattern and supported on a transparent substrate;  
 providing a second multiple-lens array comprising a plurality of plano-concave lenses arranged in a pattern and supported on a transparent substrate;  
 the first and second multiple-lens arrays being formed so that a curvature of convex lens surfaces of the first array matches a curvature of concave surfaces of the second array, and each convex lens surface of the first array corresponds to and is aligned with a matching convex lens surface of the second array;  
 the first and second multiple-lens arrays being disposed serially and coaxially in a light beam path such that convex lens surfaces of the first array are generally adjacent to and coaxial with concave surfaces of the second array;  
 moving one of the multiple-lens arrays coaxially with respect to the other of the multiple-lens arrays; and  
 wherein either no substantial transmission or no substantial refraction of the beam of light takes place in any spacing between the lenses of at least one of the first and the second multiple lens arrays.  
 
     
     
       25. A method for controlling the divergence of a beam of light comprising:
 providing a first lens having a central axis coaxial with the beam of light, having a planar surface incident with and orthogonal to the beam of light and having a convex surface opposing the planar surface, said first lens having a positive optical power;    providing a second lens having a central axis coaxial with the beam of light, having a concave surface incident with the beam of light after passing through the first lens and having a planar surface opposing the concave surface, the concave surface having a complementary curvature to the convex surface, said second lens having a negative optical power equal to but opposite of said optical power of said first lens; and    controlling the divergence of the beam of light by varying the spacing between the first and second lenses wherein a combined optical power of said first and second lenses is substantially zero when said first and second lenses are positioned as closely together as possible.    
     
     
       26. A method as in  claim 24  wherein the spacing between the first and second lenses is controlled by a linear actuator for moving one of the first and second lenses relative to the other in a direction parallel to the path of the beam of light. 
     
     
       27. A method as in  claim 26  wherein the linear actuator comprises a threaded drive shaft actuated by a servomotor. 
     
     
       28. A method as in  claim 24  wherein the convex surface of the first lens is aspheric. 
     
     
       29. A method as in  claim 24  wherein the convex surface of the first lens is spherical. 
     
     
       30. A method as in  claim 24  wherein the beam of light is provided by an apparatus including:
 a concave reflector; and    a light source positioned at the focal point of the concave reflector.    
     
     
       31. An apparatus as in  claim 30  wherein the concave reflector is a parabolic reflector. 
     
     
       32. The apparatus of  claim 1  in which said convex surfaces of said first multiple-lens array nest within a volume defined by said concave surfaces of said second multiple-lens array when one of said multiple-lens arrays is moved closely to the other of said multiple-lens arrays. 
     
     
       33. The apparatus of  claim 17  in which said plurality of convex surface elements form lenses having a positive optical power, said plurality of concave surface elements form lenses having a negative optical power equal to but opposite of said optical power of said plurality of convex surface elements, and a combined optical power of said pluralities of convex and concave surface elements is substantially zero when said first and second lens arrays are positioned as closely together as possible. 
     
     
       34. A method as in  claim 24  wherein said convex surfaces of said first multiple-lens array nest within a volume defined by said concave surfaces of said second multiple-lens array. 
     
     
       35. An apparatus for controlling divergence of a beam of light, comprising:
   a first multiple - lens array comprising a plurality of positive - power lenses arranged in a pattern and supported on a transparent substrate;        a second multiple - lens array comprising a plurality of negative - power lenses arranged in a pattern and supported on a transparent substrate;        the first and second multiple - lens arrays being formed so that an optical power of the first array is equal to but opposite of an optical power of the second array, and each positive - power lens of the first array corresponds to and is aligned with a matching negative - power, lens of the second array;        the first and second multiple - lens arrays being disposed serially and coaxially in a light beam path such that positive - power lenses of the first array are generally adjacent negative - power lenses of the second array;        one of the multiple - lens arrays being movable coaxially with respect to the other of the multiple - lens arrays; and        wherein either no substantial transmission or no substantial refraction of the beam of light takes place in any spacing between the plurality of lenses of at least one of the first and the second multiple - lens arrays.     
     
     
       36. The apparatus of  claim 35 , in which the positive- power lenses and the negative - power lenses are arranged in a substantially hexagonal pattern.   
     
     
       37. The apparatus of  claim 35 , in which perimeters of the positive- power lenses and the negative - power lenses are generally circular.   
     
     
       38. The apparatus of  claim 35 , in which perimeters of the positive- power lenses and the negative - power lenses have a polygonal shape.   
     
     
       39. The apparatus of  claim 35 , in which areas between the positive- power lenses and the negative - power lenses are covered with an opaque masking material.   
     
     
       40. The apparatus of  claim 35 , in which curvatures of the positive- power lenses and the negative - power lenses are spherical.   
     
     
       41. The apparatus of  claim 35 , in which curvatures of the positive- power lenses and the negative - power lenses are aspheric.   
     
     
       42. The apparatus of  claim 35 , in which the positive- power lenses and the negative - power lenses are integrally formed in the transparent substrates.   
     
     
       43. The apparatus of  claim 35 , in which the positive- power lenses and the negative - power lenses are separately formed and are affixed to the transparent substrates.   
     
     
       44. An apparatus for controlling divergence of a beam of light comprising:
   a first lens array having a central axis coaxial with the beam of light, said first lens array comprising a first surface incident with and orthogonal to the beam of light and a plurality of positive - power surface elements in an array opposing the first surface;        a second lens array having a central axis coaxial with the beam of light, said second lens array comprising a plurality of negative - power surface elements in an array forming a surface incident with the beam of light after passing through the first lens array and a second surface opposing the negative - power surface elements, the negative - power surface elements having a complementary curvature to the positive - power surface elements, the divergence of the beam of light being controlled by the spacing between the first and second lens arrays; and        wherein either no substantial transmission or no substantial refraction of the beam of light takes place in any spacing between the plurality of surface elements of at least one of the first and the second lens arrays.     
     
     
       45. An apparatus as in  claim 44  further comprising a linear actuator for moving one of the first and second lens arrays relative to the other in a direction parallel to the path of the beam of light. 
     
     
       46. An apparatus as in  claim 44  wherein the linear actuator comprises a threaded drive shaft actuated by a servomotor. 
     
     
       47. An apparatus as in  claim 44  wherein the positive- power surfaces of the first lens array are aspheric.   
     
     
       48. An apparatus as in  claim 44  wherein the positive- power surfaces of the first lens array are spherical.   
     
     
       49. An apparatus as in  claim 44  wherein the beam of light is provided by an apparatus including:
   a concave reflector; and        a light source positioned at the focal point of the concave reflector.     
     
     
       50. An apparatus as in  claim 49  wherein the concave reflector is a parabolic reflector. 
     
     
       51. A method for controlling divergence of a beam of light, comprising:
   providing a first multiple - lens array comprising a plurality of positive - power lenses arranged in a pattern and supported on a transparent substrate;        providing a second multiple - lens array comprising a plurality of negative - power lenses arranged in a pattern and supported on a transparent substrate;        the first and second multiple - lens arrays being formed so that an optical power of said positive - power lenses of the first array is equal to but opposite of an optical power of said negative - power lenses of the second array, and each positive - power lens of the first array corresponds to and is aligned with a matching negative - power lens of the second array;        the first and second multiple - lens arrays being disposed serially and coaxially in a light beam path such that positive - power lenses of the first array are generally adjacent to and coaxial with negative - power lenses of the second array;        moving one of the multiple - lens arrays coaxially with respect to the other of the multiple - lens arrays; and        wherein either no substantial transmission or no substantial refraction of the beam of light takes place in any spacing between the lenses of at least one of the first and the second multiple lens arrays.     
     
     
       52. A method for controlling the divergence of a beam of light comprising:
   providing a first lens having a central axis coaxial with the beam of light, having a first surface incident with and orthogonal to the beam of light and having a positive - power surface opposing the first surface, said first lens having a positive optical power;        providing a second lens having a central axis coaxial with the beam of light, having a negative - power surface incident with the beam of light after passing through the first lens and having a second surface opposing the negative - power surface, the negative - power surface having a complementary curvature to the positive - power surface, said second lens having a negative optical power equal to but opposite of said optical power of said first lens; and        controlling the divergence of the beam of light by varying the spacing between the first and second lenses wherein a combined optical power of said first and second lenses is substantially zero when said first and second lenses are positioned as closely together as possible.     
     
     
       53. A method as in  claim 51  wherein the spacing between the first and second lenses is controlled by a linear actuator for moving one of the first and second lenses relative to the other in a direction parallel to the path of the beam of light. 
     
     
       54. A method as in  claim 53  wherein the linear actuator comprises a threaded drive shaft actuated by a servomotor. 
     
     
       55. A method as in  claim 51  wherein the positive- power surface of the first lens is aspheric.   
     
     
       56. A method as in  claim 51  wherein the positive- power surface of the first lens is spherical.   
     
     
       57. A method as in  claim 51  wherein the beam of light is provided by an apparatus including:
   a concave reflector; and        a light source positioned at the focal point of the concave reflector.     
     
     
       58. A method as in  claim 30  wherein the concave reflector is a parabolic reflector. 
     
     
       59. The apparatus of  claim 35  in which convex surfaces of said positive- power lenses of said first multiple - lens array nest within a volume defined by concave surfaces of said negative - power lenses of said second multiple - lens array when one of said multiple - lens arrays is moved closely to the other of said multiple - lens arrays.   
     
     
       60. The apparatus of  claim 44  in which said plurality of positive- power surface elements form lenses having a positive optical power, said plurality of negative - power surface elements form lenses having a negative optical power equal to but opposite of said optical power of said plurality of positive - power surface elements, and a combined optical power of said pluralities of positive - power and negative - power surface elements is substantially zero when said first and second lens arrays are positioned as closely together as possible.   
     
     
       61. A method as in  claim 51  wherein said positive- power surfaces of said first multiple - lens array nest within a volume defined by said negative - power surfaces of said second multiple - lens array.