Swirl chamber used in association with a combustion chamber for diesel engines

Abstract

A swirl chamber used in association with a combustion chamber for diesel engines, includes a pair of sub-nozzle holes on the opposite sides of a main nozzle hole to supply a secondary air into the swirl chamber, the sub-nozzle holes being positioned such that the secondary air ejected therethrough is fully utilized for the combustion in the swirl chamber, thereby securing the complete combustion and the reduction of environmental contaminants such as NOx and fumes.

1. A swirl chamber used in association with a combustion chamber for diesel engines, wherein the combustion chamber is defined by a piston, a cylinder, and a cylinder head, the swirl chamber comprising:
 a mouthpiece fitted in a hole  recess of the cylinder head, the hole  recess having a bottom-open recess, and the mouthpiece including a top-open recess, the bottom-open recess and the top-open recess constituting a space intended for the swirl chamber;  
 a main nozzle hole produced through a base wall of the mouthpiece to effect communication between the combustion chamber and the swirl chamber; and  
 a pair of sub-nozzle holes, which are separated from the main nozzle hole, produced through the base wall of the mouthpiece, the sub- nozzle  holes being positioned on opposite sides of the  a central axis of the main nozzle hole when the mouthpiece is seen from just above;  
 wherein each of the sub-nozzle holes is arranged to pass inside a hypothetical sphere depicted around a center of an upper circle of the top-open recess having a radius of 70% of a diameter of the upper circle of the top-open recessand a hypothetical sphere, which is centered at a center of an upper circle of the top- open recess, the hypothetical sphere has a radius of  70   %  of a radius of the upper circle of the top - open recess, and each of the sub - nozzle holes being arranged to pass a central axis of the sub - nozzle holes through an interior area of the hypothetical sphere;    
   wherein the main nozzle hole comprises a main groove and two side grooves, each of the side grooves is communicatively continuous with respect to the main groove through banks,    
   the main groove and each of the side grooves extend forwardly and upwardly from the main combustion chamber to the swirl chamber through the bottom wall, and    
   when the mouthpiece is viewed from above, each of the side grooves is arranged at a position rearwardly relative to an upper opening of the sub - nozzle holes.    
 
     
     
       2. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the hypothetical sphere has a radius of 60% of the diameter  radius of the upper circle of the top-open recess. 
     
     
       3. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the hypothetical sphere has a radius of 50% of the diameter  radius of the upper circle of the top-open recess. 
     
     
       4. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein each of the sub-nozzle holes is positioned such that its respective  a center of an upper open end of each of the sub- nozzle holes  overlaps the hypothetical sphere having a radius of 50% of the diameter  radius of the upper circle of the top-open recess when the mouthpiece is seen from just  viewed from above the mouthpiece. 
     
     
       5. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein each of the sub-nozzle holes is positioned such that its  the central axis  axes of the sub- nozzle holes  passes within an angular range of 0° to 30° away from a hypothetical reference line extending just upwards when the mouthpiece is seen from a just lateral  viewed from a side in a direction perpendicular to a center axis of the main nozzle hole  of the mouthpiece. 
     
     
       6. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein each of the sub-nozzle holes is positioned such that its  the central axis passes  axes of the sub- nozzle holes pass  within an angular range of 0° to 15° away from a hypothetical reference line extending just upwards when the mouthpiece is seen in an immediately rearward direction with the main nozzle hole arranged to appear forwardly  viewed from a rear. 
     
     
       7. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the  a total area of the  open ends of the sub-nozzle holes is in the  a range of 3% to 15% of that  a total area of an open end of the main nozzle hole. 
     
     
       8. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 7 , wherein the total area of the open ends of the sub- nozzle holes  is in the range of 4% to 10% of that  the total area of the open end of the main nozzle hole. 
     
     
       9. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the main nozzle hole comprises a main groove and two side grooves each communicatively continuous to the main groove through banks. 
     
     
       10. The swirl chamber as recited in claim  9    1 , wherein the side grooves are positioned such that their  central axes exist  of the side grooves are positioned rearward of that  relative to a central axis of the main groove when the mouthpiece is seen from a just lateral side in a direction perpendicular to a center axis of the main nozzle hole  viewed from a side of the mouthpiece. 
     
     
       11. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 10 , wherein each of the central axes of the side grooves has its central axis  is inclined at a smaller angle than an angle at which the central axis of the main groove is inclined with respect to the level  an undersurface of the base wall of the mouthpiece when the mouthpiece is seen from a just lateral side in a direction perpendicular to a center axis of the main nozzle hole  viewed from the side of the mouthpiece. 
     
     
       12. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 11 , wherein the side grooves are positioned such that the  a distance between them  the central axes of the side grooves diminishes toward their  a forward end of the side grooves. 
     
     
       13. The swirl chamber as recited in claim  9    1 , wherein each of the side grooves has a progressively diminishing cross-sectional area toward its  a forward end of the side grooves. 
     
     
       14. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 9 , wherein when the mouthpiece is seen from just above, each of the side grooves is arranged at a position retreated from an upper opening of every sub-nozzle hole in parallel to the center axis of the main nozzle hole and immediately rearwards thereof. 
     
     
       15. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein each of the sub-nozzle holes is positioned such that its  a central axis of the sub- nozzle holes  passes within an angular range of 0° to 30° away from a hypothetical reference line extending just upwards when the mouthpiece is seen from a just lateral side in a direction perpendicular to a center axis of the main nozzle hole and, the angular range is  viewed from a side of the mouthpiece and, each of the sub- nozzle holes is arranged such that the central axes of the sub - nozzle holes passes within an angular range of  0° to 15° away from the hypothetical reference line extending just upwards  when the mouthpiece is seen in an immediately rearward direction  viewed with the main nozzle hole arranged to appear forwardly  from the rear. 
     
     
       16. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 15 , wherein the  a total area of the  open ends of the sub-nozzle holes is  are in the range of 3% to 15% of that  a total area of the main nozzle hole. 
     
     
       17. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 15 , wherein the main nozzle hole comprises a main groove and two side grooves each communicatively continuous to the main groove through banks. 
     
     
       18. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 17 , wherein when the mouthpiece is seen from just above, each of the side grooves is arranged at a position retreated from an upper opening of every sub-nozzle hole in parallel to the center axis of the main nozzle hole and immediately rearwards thereof. 
     
     
       19. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the sub-nozzle holes are positioned such that their  central axes of the sub- nozzle holes  are positioned upright on the base wall of the mouthpiece when the mouthpiece is seen from a just lateral side in a direction perpendicular to a center axis of the main nozzle hole  viewed from a side. 
     
     
       20. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the sub-nozzle holes are positioned such that their  central axes of the sub- nozzle holes  are upright on the base wall of the mouthpiece when the mouthpiece is seen from an immediately rearward direction  viewed with the main nozzle hole arranged to appear forwardly  from a rear. 
     
     
       21. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the sub-nozzle holes are positioned such that their  central axes of the sub- nozzle holes  are upright on the base wall of the mouthpiece when the mouthpiece is seen from a just lateral side in a direction perpendicular to a center axis of the main nozzle hole  viewed from a side, and
 the sub-nozzle holes are positioned such that their  the central axes of the sub- nozzle holes  are upright on the base wall of the mouthpiece when the mouthpiece is seen in an immediately rearward direction  viewed with the main nozzle hole arranged to appear forwardly  from a rear.  
 
     
     
       22. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 21 , wherein the  a total area of the  open ends of the sub-nozzle holes is in the range of 3% to 15% of that  a total area of the main nozzle hole. 
     
     
       23. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 21 , wherein the main nozzle hole comprises a main groove and two side grooves each communicatively continuous to the main groove through banks. 
     
     
       24. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 23 , wherein each of the side grooves is positioned such that its central axis is in parallel to, and rearward of, the central axis of the main groove. 
     
     
       25. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1  wherein each of the side grooves is forwardly inclined at an angle of elevation  the sub- nozzle holes extend generally forwardly and upwardly  from a main  the combustion chamber to the swirl chamber through the base wall. 
     
     
       26. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the each of the side grooves is rearward inclined at an angle of elevation  sub- nozzle holes extend generally rearwardly and upwardly  from a main  the combustion chamber to the swirl chamber through the base wall. 
     
     
       27. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the sub-nozzle holes are positioned such that the  a distance between them  the sub- nozzle holes  becomes narrower toward their  proximate top open ends of the sub- nozzle holes.    
     
     
       28. The swirl chamber as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the sub-nozzle holes are positioned such that the  a distance between them  the sub- nozzle holes  becomes wider toward their  proximate top open ends of the sub- nozzle holes.