Apparatus and method for reading an optical code

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for reading an optical code. The apparatus having a casing with a reading window; the casing having an illuminator acting through the reading window on an optical code to be read, a detector responsive to light scattered from the illuminated optical code into the casing through the reading window, and an objective lens interposed between the reading window and the detector, in a position to pick up the light scattered from the illuminated optical code and project this light onto the detector. The detector having a plurality of light-sensitive elements effective to convert the light to electric signals representing the light image. The apparatus is characterized in that the illuminator has a first array of light sources active in a first illumination configuration, and at least a second array of light sources active in at least a second illumination configuration different from the first one.

1. A reading head for an apparatus for reading an optical code, comprising:
 an illuminating means adapted to emit light toward an optical code to be read;    a linear sensor responsive to the light diffused from the illuminated optical code and having a sensitive line extended along a direction X;    an optical apparatus for focusing the diffused light on the linear sensor, said optical apparatus having an optical axis Z which is substantially perpendicular to said sensitive line and defining with said sensitive line a plane X-Z;    
       wherein said illuminating means generates a fan of light having a plane of symmetry substantially lying on said plane X-Z. 
     
     
       2. A reading head according to  claim 1 , wherein said illuminating means comprises at least one first light source disposed on one side of the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus and at least one second light source disposed on the other side of the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus. 
     
     
       3. A reading head according to  claim 2 , wherein said first and second light sources are symmetrically arranged with respect to the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus. 
     
     
       4. A reading head according to  claim 2 , wherein said illuminating means comprises a plurality of first and second light sources arranged in pairs including a pair of outward sources disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus by an angle α, and a pair of inward sources disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus by an angle β smaller than the angle α. 
     
     
       5. A reading head according to  claim 4 , wherein the angle α is in the range of about 15° to about 18°, and the angle β is in the range of about 3° to about 6°. 
     
     
       6. A reading head according to  claim 4 , wherein said illuminating means comprises two pairs of discrete plastics LEDs. 
     
     
       7. A reading head according to  claim 1 , further comprising a means for widening the emission angle of said fan of light in the plane X-Z along the direction X parallel to the sensitive line of the linear sensor, and for narrowing the emission angle of said fan of light along a direction which is perpendicular to the plane X-Z. 
     
     
       8. A reading head according to  claim 7 , wherein the means for widening and narrowing the emission angle of said fan of light comprises at least one converging lens placed downstream said first and second light sources. 
     
     
       9. A reading head according to  claim 8 , wherein the means for widening and narrowing the emission angle of said fan of light comprises a pair of converging lenses placed downstream said first and second light sources at symmetric locations with respect to the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus. 
     
     
       10. A reading head according to  claim 1 , wherein the linear sensor comprises a CCD sensor. 
     
     
       11. A reading head according to  claim 1 , wherein the linear sensor comprises a CMOS sensor. 
     
     
       12. A reading head according to  claim 1 , further comprising a means for confining within a predetermined reading area said fan of light. 
     
     
       13. A reading head according to  claim 12 , wherein said illuminating means comprises a plurality of first and second light sources arranged in pairs including a pair of outward sources disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus by an angle α, and a pair of inward sources disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus by an angle β smaller than the angle α, and wherein the means for confining said fan of light comprises a ring-shaped masking element having a substantially straight inward edge set at an angle substantially equal to α with respect to the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus. 
     
     
       14. A reading head according to  claim 12 , further comprising a holder element for said first and second light sources which is formed with respective seats for said light sources, said seats having respective side walls shaped to confine within said predetermined reading area the light emitted from each source of said plurality of light sources. 
     
     
       15. An apparatus for reading an optical code comprising a reading head according to  claim 1 , further comprising a means for decoding the optical code. 
     
     
       16. An apparatus for reading an optical code according to  claim 15 , further comprising a casing with a reading window adapted to allow emission of said fan of light and collection into the casing of the light diffused from the illuminated optical code. 
     
     
       17. An apparatus for reading an optical code according to  claim 16 , wherein said casing is portable. 
     
     
       18. An apparatus for reading an optical code according to  claim 16 , wherein said casing is stationary. 
     
     
       19. A reading head for an apparatus for reading an optical code, comprising:
 an illuminating means adapted to emit light toward an optical code to be read;    a linear sensor responsive to the light diffused from the illuminated optical code and having a sensitive line extended along a direction X;    an optical apparatus for focusing the diffused light on the linear sensor, said optical apparatus having an optical axis Z which is substantially perpendicular to said sensitive line and defining with said sensitive line a plane X-Z;    
       wherein said illuminating means comprises at least one first light source disposed on one side of the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus and at least one second light source disposed on the other side of the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus, said at least one first and second light sources having their axes substantially lying on said plane X-Z. 
     
     
       20. A reading head for an apparatus for reading an optical code, comprising:
 an illuminating means adapted to emit light toward an optical code to be read;    a linear sensor responsive to the light diffused from the illuminated optical code and having a sensitive line extended along a direction X;    an optical apparatus for focusing the diffused light on the linear sensor, said optical apparatus having an optical axis Z which is substantially perpendicular to said sensitive line and defining with said sensitive line a plane X-Z;    wherein said illuminating means generates a fan of light having a plane of symmetry substantially lying on said plane X-Z, said illuminating means comprising at least one first light source disposed on one side of the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus and at least one second light source disposed on the other side of the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus, and wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one lens placed downstream said first and second light sources for widening the emission angle of said fan of light in the plane X-Z along the direction X parallel to the sensitive line of the linear sensor, and for narrowing the emission angle of said fan of light along a direction which is perpendicular to the plane X-Z.    
     
     
       21. A reading head for an apparatus for reading an optical code, comprising:
 an illuminating means adapted to emit light toward an optical code to be read;    a linear sensor responsive to the light diffused from the illuminated optical code and having a sensitive line extended along a direction X;    an optical apparatus for focusing the diffused light on the linear sensor, said optical apparatus having an optical axis Z which is substantially perpendicular to said sensitive line and defining with said sensitive line a plane X-Z;    wherein said illuminating means generates a fan of light having a plane of symmetry substantially lying on said plane X-Z, said illuminating means comprising at least one first light source disposed on one side of the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus and at least one second light source disposed on the other side of the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a pair of lenses placed downstream said first and second light sources at symmetric locations with respect to the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus, for widening the emission angle of said fan of light in the plane X-Z along the direction X parallel to the sensitive line of the linear sensor, and for narrowing the emission angle of said fan of light along a direction which is perpendicular to the plane X-Z.    
     
     
       22. A reading head for an apparatus for reading an optical code, comprising:
 an illuminating means adapted to emit light toward an optical code to be read;    a linear sensor responsive to the light diffused from the illuminated optical code and having a sensitive line extended along a direction X;    an optical apparatus for focusing the diffused light on the linear sensor, said optical apparatus having an optical axis Z which is substantially perpendicular to said sensitive line and defining with said sensitive line a plane X-Z;    wherein said illuminating means generates a fan of light having a plane of symmetry substantially lying on said plane X-Z, said illuminating means comprising at least one first light source disposed on one side of the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus and at least one second light source disposed on the other side of the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a holder element for said first and second light sources which comprises respective seats for supporting said first and second light sources such that said light sources have their axes substantially lying on said plane X-Z.    
     
     
       23. A reading head according to  claim 22 , wherein said illuminating means comprises a plurality of said first and second light sources arranged in pairs, each source included in each of said pairs being disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus by a prefixed angle, and wherein each of said seats is oriented at said prefixed angle. 
     
     
       24. A reading head according to  claim 23 , wherein said pairs of light sources include a pair of outward sources disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus by an angle α, and a pair of inward sources disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus by an angle β smaller than the angle α. 
     
     
       25. A reading head for an apparatus for reading an optical code, comprising:
   illuminating means adapted to emit light toward an optical code to be read;        a linear sensor responsive to the light diffused from the illuminated optical code and having a sensitive line extended along a direction X;        an optical apparatus for focusing on the linear sensor the light diffused by the illuminated optical code, said optical apparatus having an optical axis Z which is substantially perpendicular to said sensitive line;        wherein said illuminating means comprise at least one first light source disposed on one side of the optical axis Z and at least one second light source disposed on the other side of the optical axis Z,;        said reading head further comprising a holder element for said at least one first and second light sources, wherein said holder element comprises respective seat elements provided thereon and configured to support said at least one first and second light sources such that each of said at least one first and second light sources has an optical emission axis substantially lying on a plane X - Z defined by said optical axis Z and said sensitive line of the linear sensor.     
     
     
       26. A reading head according to  claim 25 , wherein said seat elements comprise respective first seat portions for supporting said light sources in a fixed position along a direction Y which is perpendicular to said plane X- Z.   
     
     
       27. A reading head according to  claim 26 , wherein said respective first seat portions comprise lower seat portions. 
     
     
       28. A reading head according to  claim 25 , wherein said seat elements comprise respective second seat portions for supporting said light sources in corresponding fixed positions along a direction which is parallel to the sensitive line. 
     
     
       29. A reading head according to  claim 28 , wherein said respective second seat portions comprise opposite lateral seat portions configured to receive said light sources between them. 
     
     
       30. A reading head according to  claim 28 , wherein said respective second seat portions comprise portions of curved surface. 
     
     
       31. A reading head according to  claim 25 , wherein said holder element further comprises a seat for supporting said focusing optical apparatus. 
     
     
       32. A reading head according to  claim 25 , comprising a holder card supporting said holder element. 
     
     
       33. A reading head according to  claim 25 , wherein said at least one first and second light sources are symmetrically arranged with respect to the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus. 
     
     
       34. A reading head according to  claim 25 , wherein said illuminating means generates a light beam having an emission angle and further comprising a means for widening the emission angle of said light beam along a direction parallel to the sensitive line of the linear sensor and for flattening the emission angle of said light beam along a direction Y which is perpendicular to the plane X- Z.   
     
     
       35. A reading head according to  claim 34 , wherein the means for widening and flattening the emission angle of said light beam comprise at least one converging lens placed downstream said at least one first and second light sources. 
     
     
       36. A reading head according to  claim 34 , wherein the means for widening and flattening the emission angle of said light beam comprise a pair of converging lenses placed downstream said at least one first and second light sources at symmetric locations with respect to the optical axis of the focusing optical apparatus. 
     
     
       37. A reading head according to  claim 34 , wherein said holder element further supports said means for widening and flattening the emission angle of said light beam. 
     
     
       38. A reading head according to  claim 34 , wherein said holder element is provided with seats for receiving said means for widening and flattening the emission angle of said light beam. 
     
     
       39. A reading head according to  claim 25 , wherein said at least one first and second light sources are arranged in at least one corresponding pair of light sources, each light source included in said pair of light sources being disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus by a prefixed angle, and wherein each seat of the respective light source comprises a seat portion oriented at said prefixed angle. 
     
     
       40. A reading head according to  claim 39 , wherein said at least one pair of light sources includes a pair of outward sources disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus by an angle α and a pair of inward sources disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus by an angle β smaller than the angle α. 
     
     
       41. A reading head according to  claim 40 , wherein the angle α is in the range of about  15 ° to about  18 ° and the angle β is in the range of about  3 ° to about  6 °. 
     
     
       42. A reading head according to  claim 39 , wherein said illuminating means comprise two pairs of discrete plastics LEDs. 
     
     
       43. A reading head according to  claim 25 , wherein the linear sensor comprises a CCD sensor. 
     
     
       44. A reading head according to  claim 25 , wherein the linear sensor comprises a CMOS sensor. 
     
     
       45. A reading head according to  claim 25 , further comprising a means for confining within a predetermined reading area the light emitted by said at least one first and second light sources. 
     
     
       46. A reading head according to  claim 45 , wherein said at least one first and second light sources are arranged in at least one corresponding pair of light sources, said at least one pair of light sources including a pair of outward sources disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus by a prefixed angle α and a pair of inward sources disposed in an offset position from the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus by a prefixed angle β smaller than the angle α, wherein the seat element of a respective light source comprises a seat portion oriented at said prefixed angle, wherein the means for confining the light beam comprises a ring- shaped masking element having a substantially straight inward edge set at an angle substantially equal to α with respect to the optical axis Z of the focusing optical apparatus.   
     
     
       47. A reading head according to  claim 25 , wherein each of said seat elements have respective side walls shaped to confine within a predetermined reading area the light emitted from the respective light source. 
     
     
       48. An apparatus for reading an optical code comprising a reading head according to  claim 25 , further comprising a means for decoding the optical code. 
     
     
       49. An apparatus for reading an optical code according to  claim 48 , further comprising a casing with a reading window adapted to allow emission of the light generated by the illuminating means and collection into the casing of the light diffused from the illuminated optical code. 
     
     
       50. An apparatus for reading an optical code according to  claim 49 , wherein said casing is portable. 
     
     
       51. An apparatus for reading an optical code according to  claim 49 , wherein said casing is stationary. 
     
     
       52. A reading head for an apparatus for reading optical codes at variable distances, comprising:
   an illuminating means adapted to emit light toward an optical code to be read;        a linear sensor responsive to the light diffused from the illuminated optical code and having a sensitive line extended along a first direction X;        an optical apparatus for focusing on the linear sensor the light diffused by the illuminated optical code, said optical apparatus having an optical axis Z which is substantially perpendicular to said sensitive line and defining with said sensitive line a plane X - Z;        said illuminating means comprising at least one first light source disposed on one side of the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus and at least one second light source disposed on the other side of the optical axis Z of the optical apparatus, each of said at least one first and second light sources having an axis corresponding substantially to a maximum of the light intensity distribution of the respective light source, said at least one first and second light sources emitting light while said optical code is being read, each of said light sources being a light emitting diode comprising a body and connecting leads;        said reading head further comprising a holder element for housing said focusing optical apparatus and said at least one first and second light sources, wherein said holder element comprises respective seat elements provided thereon for supporting said body of said light sources such that the axes of said light sources substantially lie on said plane X - Z, said seat elements being distinct from said connecting leads.     
     
     
       53. A reading head according to  claim 52 , wherein said seat elements contain at least in part said body of said light sources. 
     
     
       54. A reading head according to  claim 52 , wherein said seat elements are suitably shaped to support said body of said light sources. 
     
     
       55. A reading head according to  claim 52 , wherein said seat elements comprises respective portions for supporting said bodies of said light sources in fixed positions in said plane X- Z, said respective portions comprising lower seat portions for supporting said bodies of said light sources in corresponding fixed positions in said plane X - Z along a direction Y perpendicular to the plane X - Z, and opposite lateral seat portions for housing at least in part said bodies of said light sources between them, said lower and lateral seat portions being suitably shaped to support said bodies of said light sources such that the axes of said light sources substantially lie on said plane X - Z.