Fiber amplifier with one single mode core having modified gain spectrum

Abstract

Disclosed is a fiber amplifier system including a gain fiber having a single-mode core containing dopant ions capable of producing stimulated emission of light at wavelength λ s when pumped with light of wavelength λ p . Absorbing ion filtering means is operatively associated with the gain fiber to alter the gain curve. If the absorbing ions are the same as the gain ions of the gain fiber, the system further includes means for preventing pump light from exciting the gain ions of the filtering means. The excitation prevention means may take the form of means for attenuating pump light. If the absorbing ions are different from the dopant ions of the gain fiber, such absorbing ions can be subjected to light at wavelength α p , but they will remain unexcited. Such absorbing ions can be used to co-dope the gain fiber, or they can be incorporated into the core of a fiber that is in series with the gain fiber.

1. A fiber amplifier comprising
 a gain optical fiber having a single-mode core containing dopant ions capable of producing stimulated emission of light within a predetermined band of wavelengths including a wavelength λ s  when pumped with light of wavelength λ p , said gain fiber having input and output ends,    absorbing ion filtering means for attenuating light at at least some of the wavelengths within said predetermined band of wavelengths, said absorbing ion filtering means comprising umpumped gain ions,    means for introducing a signal of wavelength λ s  into said gain fiber input end,    means introducing pump light of wavelength λ p  into said gain fiber, and    means for preventing the excitation of said pumped gain ions by light of wavelength λ p .    
     
     
       2. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 1  wherein said umpumped gain ions are situated in a signal filtering optical fiber that is connected in series with said gain fiber. 
     
     
       3. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 2  wherein said means for preventing excitation is connected in series between said gain fiber and said filtering optical fiber. 
     
     
       4. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 3  wherein said means for preventing excitation comprises a fiber-type grating reflector for reflecting pump light. 
     
     
       5. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 3  wherein said means for preventing excitation comprises interference filter means for removing pump light. 
     
     
       6. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 3  wherein said means for preventing excitation comprises an optical fiber containing a dopant that substantially attenuates light at wavelength λ p . 
     
     
       7. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 6  wherein said pump light attenuating optical fiber connects said signal attenuating fiber to the input end of said gain fiber. 
     
     
       8. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 6  wherein said gain fiber comprises first and second sections, and said pump light attenuating fiber comprises first and second sections, said fiber amplifier comprises the serially connected arrangement of the first section of said gain fiber, said first section of said pump light attenuating fiber, said gain ion-doped pump light attenuating fiber, the second section of said pump light attenuating fiber and the second section of said gain fiber, said means for introducing pump light comprising means for introducing pump light into said first and second gain fiber sections. 
     
     
       9. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 3  wherein means for preventing excitation comprises an optical fiber coupler which couples essentially no pump light from said gain fiber to said signal attenuating fiber. 
     
     
       10. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 1  wherein said means preventing excitation of umpumped gain ions by pump light comprises a sufficient length of gain fiber to dissipate all of the pump light introduced therein. 
     
     
       11. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 1  wherein said absorbing ion filtering means comprises an optical fiber containing unpumped gain ions and a dopant for absorbing pump light, the concentration of said dopant being much greater than unpumped gain ions. 
     
     
       12. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 1  wherein the radial distribution of said gain ions in said gain fiber extends beyond the mode field radius of light of wavelength λ p , whereby those gain ions at radii greater than said mo field radius are unexcited by pump light and are free to absorb signal light. 
     
     
       13. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 1  wherein a section of said gain fiber is fused in side-by-side arrangement to a further section of optical fiber doped with gain ions to form a fused region into which signal light but not pump light can extend from said gain fiber into said further section, whereby those gain ions of said further section are unexcited by pump light and are free to absorb signal light. 
     
     
       14. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 1  said gain fiber is in series with an optical fiber containing signal light absorbing ions that are different from said gain ions. 
     
     
       15. A fiber amplifier comprising
 a gain optical fiber having a single-mode core containing gain ions capable of producing stimulated emission of signal light within a predetermined band of wavelengths including a wavelength λ s  when pumped with pump light of wavelength λ p , said gain fiber having first and second ends,    a filtering fiber containing gain ions for filtering signal light,    a pump light-attenuating fiber having a core containing a dopant that attenuates said pump light while signal light remains substantially unattenuated, said pump light-attenuating fiber connecting the second end of said gain fiber to an end of said filtering fiber,    means for introducing pump light of wavelength λ p  into the first end of said said gain fiber, and    means for introducing a signal of wavelength λ s  into one of the ends of the series combination of said gain fiber, said pump light-attenuating fiber and said filtering fiber, the gain ions of said filtering fiber remaining unexcited during operation because of the pump light filtering action of said pump light-attenuating fiber, whereby said filtering fiber alters the spectral gain of said amplifier.    
     
     
       16. A fiber amplifier comprising
 first and second gain optical fiber sections, each having a single-mode core containing dopant ions capable of producing stimulated emission of light within a predetermined band of wavelengths including a wavelength λ s  when pumped with light of wavelength λ p , each gain fiber section having first and second ends,    first and second pump light-attenuating fiber sections, each having a core containing a dopant that attenuates optical power in at least one wavelength band including said wavelength λ p , while optical power at said wavelength λ s  remains substantially unattenuated thereby, each pump light-attenuating fiber section having first and second ends, the first end of each of said pump light-attenuating fiber sections being spliced to a respective one of the second ends of said gain fiber sections,    a filtering fiber, the ends of which are respectively connected to the second ends of said pump light attenuating fiber sections, said filtering fiber being doped with gain ions,    means for introducing pump light of wavelength λ p  into the first end of each of said gain fiber sections, and    means for introducing a signal of wavelength λ s  into the first end of one of said gain fiber sections, the gain ions of said filtering fiber remaining unexcited during operation because of the pump light filtering action of said pump light-attenuating fiber.    
     
     
       17. A fiber amplifier comprising
 a gain optical fiber having a single-mode core containing dopant ions capable of producing stimulated emission of light within a predetermined band of wavelengths including a wavelength λ s  when pumped with light of wavelength λ p , said gain fiber having input and output ends,    filtering means for attenuating light at at least some of the wavelengths within said predetermined band of wavelengths, said filtering means containing ions that can be excited by light of wavelength λ p .    means for introducing a signal of wavelength λ s  into said gain fiber input end,    means introducing pump light of wavelength λ p  into said gain fiber, and    means for preventing the excitation of said filtering means by light of wavelength λ p .    
     
     
       18. A fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 17  wherein said gain fiber is co-doped with signal light absorbing ions that are different from said gain ions. 
     
     
       19. A fiber amplifier comprising
 a gain optical fiber having a single-mode core containing dopant ions capable of producing stimulated emission of light within a predetermined band of wavelengths including a wavelength λ s  when pumped with light of wavelength λ p , said gain fiber having input and output ends, said dopant ions being selected from the group consisting of erbium, neodymium and praseodymium,    filtering means for attenuating light at at least some of the wavelengths within said predetermined band of wavelengths, said filtering means containing a dopant selected from the group consisting of erbium, dysprosium, neodymium, ytterbium, samarium, praseodymium, thulium, vanadium and cadmium selenide,    means for introducing a signal of wavelength λ s  into said gain fiber input end, and    means introducing pump light of wavelength λ p  into said gain fiber.    
     
     
       20. A gain amplifier in accordance with  claim 19  wherein said filtering means comprises an optical fiber containing said dopant ions. 
     
     
       21. A fiber amplifier comprising
   a gain optical fiber having only one single - mode core, said core containing dopant ions capable of producing stimulated emission of light within a predetermined band of wavelengths including a wavelength λ   s    when pumped with light of wavelength λ   p   , said gain fiber having input and output ends, said dopant ions being selected from the group consisting of erbium, neodymium and praseodymium,        filtering means for attenuating light at at least some of the wavelengths within said predetermined band of wavelengths, said filtering means containing a dopant selected from the group consisting of erbium, dysprosium, neodymium, ytterbium, samarium, praseodymium, thulium, vanadium and cadmium selenide,        means for introducing a signal of wavelength λ   s    into said gain fiber input end,        means for introducing pump light of wavelength λ   p    into said gain fiber, and        means for preventing the excitation of said filtering means by light of wavelength λ   p   , wherein means for preventing the excitation is disposed between the gain optical fiber and the filtering means, wherein the means for preventing the excitation includes an optical fiber having a dopant that substantially attenuates light at wavelength λ   p .   
     
     
       22. A gain amplifier in accordance with  claim 21  wherein said filtering means comprises an optical fiber containing said dopant ions. 
     
     
       23. A fiber amplifier having a flattened gain spectrum comprising
   a gain optical fiber having only one single - mode core, said core containing dopant ions capable of producing a gain spectrum due to stimulated emission of light within a predetermined band of wavelengths including a wavelength λ   s    when pumped with light of wavelength λ   p   , said gain fiber having input and output ends, and wherein the gain spectrum of said gain optical fiber over said band of wavelengths has a first portion having a relatively small gain variation over a region of said band wavelengths and a second portion having a relatively large gain variation over a different region of said band wavelengths, wherein said first portion of the gain spectrum is relatively flat and wherein said second portion is not flat and exhibits a greater gain than the gain exhibited over said relatively flat portion;        ion filtering means for absorbing light within said predetermined band of wavelengths, said ion filtering means having an absorption spectrum having a first portion exhibiting relatively small absorption over said region of said band of wavelengths and a second portion having a relatively large absorption of said different region of said band of wavelengths where the gain spectrum is not flat, said ion filtering means comprising a concentration and distribution of unpumped gain ions within said ion filtering means wherein amplified light having wavelengths within said predetermined band of wavelengths where the gain spectrum is not flat is attenuated to an extent such that the gain spectrum over the entire predetermined band of wavelengths is flattened and exhibits relatively small gain variation over said entire band of wavelengths;        means for introducing a signal of wavelength λ   s    into said gain fiber input end,        means introducing pump of wavelength λ   p    into said gain fiber, and        means for preventing the excitation of said pumped gain ions by light of wavelength λ   p    wherein means for preventing the excitation is disposed between the gain optical fiber and the ion filtering means, wherein the means for preventing the excitation includes an optical fiber having a dopant that substantially attenuates light at wavelength λ   p .   
     
     
       24. A fiber amplifier comprising
   a gain optical fiber having only one single - mode core, said core containing dopant ions capable of producing stimulated emission of light within a predetermined band of wavelengths including a wavelength λ   s    when pumped with light of wavelength λ   p   , said gain fiber having input and output ends, said dopant ions being selected from the group consisting of erbium, neodymium and praseodymium, and wherein the gain spectrum of said gain optical fiber, over said band of wavelengths and pumped with light from wavelength λ   p    has a first portion which is relatively flat and a second portion which is not flat and exhibits gain greater than the gain exhibited over said relatively flat portion;        filtering means for attenuating light at at least some of the wavelengths within said predetermined band of wavelengths, said filtering means containing a dopant selected from the group consisting of erbium, dysprosium, neodymium, ytterbium, samarium, praseodymium, thulium, vanadium and cadmium selenide, said filtering means having a transmission curve over said predetermined band of wavelengths and in the absence of excitation by said gain fiber over said predetermined band of wavelengths when said gain fiber is excited by light at wavelength λ   p    so that when light in the range of said predetermined range of wavelengths is amplified and filtered by said filtering means, the resulting gain spectrum for said amplifier over said predetermined range of wavelengths is substantially flat;        means for introducing a signal of wavelength λ   s    into said gain fiber input end;        means introducing pump of wavelength λ   p    into said gain fiber, and        means for preventing the excitation of said pumped gain ions by light of wavelength λ   p    wherein means for preventing the excitation is disposed between the gain optical fiber and the filtering means, wherein the means for preventing the excitation includes an optical fiber having a dopant that substantially attenuates light at wavelength λ   p .   
     
     
       25. The fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 21 , wherein the means for introducing pump light of wavelength λ p    is a laser diode.   
     
     
       26. The fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 21 , wherein the means for introducing a signal of wavelength λ s    is a telecommunication fiber.   
     
     
       27. The fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 21 , further comprising a coupler member configured to connect the means for introducing the signal of wavelength λ s    and said gain fiber.   
     
     
       28. The fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 27 , wherein the coupler member further connects the means introducing pump light of wavelength λ p    and said gain fiber.   
     
     
       29. The fiber amplifier in accordance with  claim 21 , wherein said gain fiber is in series with an optical fiber containing signal light absorbing ions that are different from said ions in said gain optical fiber.