Rotary pressure exchanger

Abstract

A pressure exchanger for the transfer of pressure energy from a high pressure fluid stream to a lower pressure fluid stream wherein a generally cylindrical housing contains a rotor having a plurality of channels extending axially therethrough and a pair of end covers which slidingly and sealingly interface with respective end faces of the rotor. The end covers are supported against deformation by high pressure upon the end covers in an inward direction, as by exerting a balancing comparable outward axial force upon inward surfaces of the end covers through the employment of pressure-balancing chambers that are in communication with a high pressure fluid region at one end cover.

1. A pressure exchange apparatus for transferring pressure energy from a high pressure first fluid to a lower pressure second fluid to provide a pressurized second fluid, which apparatus comprises:
 a rotatably mounted cylindrical rotor having a pair of opposite planar end faces with at least two channels extending axially therethrough and between openings located in said planar end faces; 
 a pair of end covers having inward and outward end faces, with said inward end faces interfacing with and slidingly and sealingly engaging said end faces of said rotor, each said end cover having one inlet passageway and one discharge passageway, said passageways being located so that an inlet passageway in one said end cover is aligned with one said channel in said rotor when a discharge passageway in the other said end cover is aligned with the same channel, said inlet passageway and said discharge passageway in each said end cover plate being constantly sealed from each other during the operation by a sealing region at the interface between said rotor end face and said end cover, whereby said channel openings during rotation of said rotor are, in alternating sequence, brought into partial or full alignment with an inlet passageway in one said end cover and a discharge passageway in the other said end cover and then into partial or full alignment with a discharge passageway in said one end cover and an inlet passageway in said other end cover; 
 at least one pressure-balancing chamber which is in fluid communication with an inward-facing surface of at least one said end cover and has an annular surface located centrally of said inward end face of said at least one end cover; and 
 means connecting said chamber to either the high pressure first fluid or to the pressurized second fluid, which connecting means includes a generally radial passageway in said end cover which opens into the inlet or discharge passageway for the higher pressure fluid in said end cover, so that last-named end cover is subjected to relatively equal forces upon said inward and outward end faces thereof. 
 
     
     
       2. The apparatus according to  claim 1  wherein pressure-balancing chambers are provided adjacent an inward-facing surface of each of said end covers, which chambers are in pressure communication with each other so that both end covers are subjected to relatively equal forces upon said inward and outward end faces thereof. 
     
     
       3. The apparatus according to  claim 1  wherein said pressure-balancing chamber has an annular surface located centrally of said inward end face of said at least one end cover. 
     
     
       4. The apparatus according to  claim 3  claim 1 wherein a tubular sleeve surrounds said rotor and opposite ends of said sleeve respectively contact said inward-facing surfaces of said end covers along the peripheries thereof. 
     
     
       5. The apparatus according to  claim 3  wherein said fluid communication between said pressure-balancing chamber and the high-pressure fluid includes a generally radial passageway in said end cover which opens into the inlet or discharge passageway for the higher pressure fluid in said end cover. 
     
     
       6. The apparatus according to  claim 5  claim 1 wherein said at least one end cover includes an axial cavity which is in communication with said pressure-balancing chamber and said radial passageway communicates therewith. 
     
     
       7. The apparatus according to  claim 1  wherein a generally axial cavity extends through said rotor between said opposite end faces and in fluid communication with said pressure-balancing chamber and with a similar pressure-balancing chamber having an inward-facing surface that is provided in said other end cover. 
     
     
       8. The apparatus according to  claim 7  where said other end cover also includes an axial cavity extending therethrough and wherein a rod extends between said end covers and through said axial cavities in said end covers and said rotor to create a unitary arrangement. 
     
     
       9. A pressure exchange apparatus for transferring pressure energy from a high pressure first fluid to a lower pressure second fluid to provide a pressurized second fluid, which apparatus comprises:
 a rotatably mounted cylindrical rotor having a pair of opposite planar end faces with at least two channels extending axially therethrough and between openings located in said planar end faces; 
 a tubular sleeve surrounding said rotor in which said rotor rotates about its axis; 
 a pair of end covers having inward and outward end faces, with said inward end faces contacting end faces of said sleeve and interfacing with and slidingly and sealingly engaging said end faces of said rotor, 
 a pair of end closure assemblies disposed respectively axially outward of each said end cover and providing a plenum chamber in contact with said respective end cover, 
 each said end cover having one inlet passageway and one discharge passageway, said passageways being located so that an inlet passageway in one said end cover is aligned with one said channel in said rotor when a discharge passageway in the other said end cover is aligned with the same channel, said inlet passageway and said discharge passageway in each said end cover plate being constantly sealed from each other during the operation by a sealing region at the interface between said rotor end face and said end cover, whereby said channel openings during rotation of said rotor are, in alternating sequence, brought into partial or full alignment with an inlet passageway in one said end cover and a discharge passageway in the other said end cover and then into partial or full alignment with a discharge passageway in said one end cover and an inlet passageway in said other end cover; and 
 means for supporting central regions of said inward end faces of said end covers so that axial forces on the respective outward end faces do not deform said end covers in the form of pressure-balancing chambers which are provided adjacent an inward-facing surface of each of said end covers, which chambers are in pressure communication with each other via a cavity that extends through said rotor along its axis between said opposite end faces so that both end covers are subjected to relatively equal forces upon said inward and outward end faces thereof. 
 
     
     
       10. The apparatus according to  claim 9  wherein pressure-balancing chambers are provided adjacent an inward-facing surface of each of said end covers, which chambers are in pressure communication with each other so that both end covers are subjected to relatively equal forces upon said inward and outward end faces thereof. 
     
     
       11. The apparatus according to  claim 10  claim 9 wherein each said pressure-balancing chamber is bounded by an annular surface located centrally of said inward end face of said end cover. 
     
     
       12. The apparatus according to  claim 10  wherein a cavity extends coaxially through said rotor between said opposite end faces which is in fluid communication with said pressure-balancing chambers. 
     
     
       13. The apparatus according to  claim 9  wherein the peripheries of both end covers are supported by said tubular sleeve and wherein said central regions are supported by a rigid member that extends through a coaxial chamber in said rotor. 
     
     
       14. The apparatus according to  claim 13  claim 25 wherein said rigid member is a tube about which said rotor rotates, with opposite end faces of said tube contacting the inward end faces of said end covers. 
     
     
       15. The apparatus according to  claim 13  claim 25 wherein a threaded rod extends through said coaxial chamber and parts affixed to said rod engage said central regions of said inward end faces of said end covers when threaded nut means on said rod clamps said tubular sleeve between said end covers. 
     
     
       16. A method for transferring pressure energy from a high pressure first fluid stream to a lower pressure second fluid stream using a pressure exchanger, which method comprises:
 supplying the high pressure first fluid stream to an inlet passageway in a first end cover at one end of the pressure exchanger to direct said first fluid to a rotating cylindrical rotor having a pair of opposite, generally planar end faces with at least two channels extending axially therethrough and between openings located in the opposite end faces; 
 supplying the lower pressure second fluid stream to an inlet passageway in a second end cover at an opposite end of the pressure exchanger to direct said second fluid into opposite ends of the channels in the rotating rotor,
 each of the end covers having inward and outward end faces, which inward end faces interface with and slidingly and sealingly engage the respective end faces of the rotor, 
 each end cover also having one discharge passageway in addition to the inlet passageway, which passageways in each end cover are angularly separated from each other so that each channel in the rotor can communicate with only one passageway in each end cover at the same time, 
 supporting the peripheries of both end covers by a tubular sleeve within which said rotor rotates, 
 rotation of said rotor causing said channel openings, in alternating sequence, to be brought into partial or full alignment with an inlet passageway in one end cover and a discharge passageway in the other end cover, and then into partial or full alignment with a discharge passageway in the one end cover and an inlet passageway in the other end cover; 
 said high pressure first fluid being supplied to said first end cover via an inlet chamber that is in fluid communication with the outward end face of the first end cover, and 
 said pressurized second fluid being discharged from the pressure exchanger through a discharge chamber that is in fluid communication with the outward end face of said second end cover, and 
 supporting central regions of inward end faces of the end covers, by a rigid member that extends through an axial chamber in said rotor, against deformation by axial forces that are applied by said high pressure first fluid stream and said pressurized second fluid stream to outward end faces thereof. 
 
 
     
     
       17. The method according to  claim 16  wherein axial forces on said outward and inward end faces are balanced by providing at least one pressure-balancing chamber which is in fluid communication with an inward facing surface of at least one said end cover and which is also in fluid communication with (a) either said high pressure incoming first fluid stream or said pressurized second fluid stream being discharged from the pressure exchanger, and (b) a chamber that extends axially through said rotor, which is in communication with a similar such pressure-balancing chamber in the other of the end covers. 
     
     
       18. The method according to  claim 16  wherein the peripheries of both end covers are supported by a tubular sleeve within which said rotor rotates and central regions are supported by a rigid member that extends through an axial chamber in said rotor. 
     
     
       19. The method according to  claim 18  claim 16 wherein said rigid member is a tube about which said rotor rotates, with opposite end faces of said tube contacting the inward end faces of said end covers to provide said support. 
     
     
       20. The method according to  claim 18  claim 16 wherein a rod extends through said axial chamber and parts affixed to said rod engage said central regions of the inward end faces of said end covers to provide said support. 
     
     
       21. An end cover for inclusion as a part of a pressure exchange apparatus for transferring pressure energy from a high pressure first fluid to a lower pressure second fluid to provide a pressurized second fluid, which apparatus includes a rotatably mounted cylindrical rotor having a pair of opposite planar end faces with at least two channels extending axially therethrough and between channel openings located in said planar end faces;
 said end cover comprising a body which has:
 (a) inward and outward end faces, with said inward end face interfacing with and slidingly and sealingly engaging one end face of said rotor, 
 (b) an inlet passageway and a discharge passageway, with said inlet passageway and said discharge passageway being constantly sealed from each other during the operation by a sealing region at the interface between said rotor end face and said end cover, whereby said channel openings in said rotor during rotation of said rotor, in alternating sequence, come into partial or full alignment with said inlet passageway in one end cover and then into partial or full alignment with said discharge passageway; 
 (c) a pressure-balancing chamber which is in fluid communication with said inward end face and which is formed with an annular surface located centrally of said inward end face of said end cover; and 
 (d) means including a generally radial bleed passageway which opens into the higher pressure fluid passageway connecting said central pressure-balancing chamber to said passageway that will be filled with the higher pressure fluid during operation so that said end cover is subjected to relatively equal forces upon said inward and outward end faces thereof. 
   
     
     
       22. The end cover according to claim 21 wherein said end cover includes an axial cavity which is in communication with said pressure-balancing chamber and said radial passageway. 
     
     
       23. The end cover according to claim 21 wherein a plurality of holes are provided in said inward end face adjacent the periphery thereof which receive pins that interconnect said end cover and a tubular sleeve that surrounds the rotor. 
     
     
       24. The apparatus according to claim 13 wherein a rod about which said rotor rotates extends through said rotor cavity and wherein threaded nuts on said rod clamp said end covers to said tubular sleeve. 
     
     
       25. A pressure exchange apparatus for transferring pressure energy from a high pressure first fluid to a lower pressure second fluid to provide a pressurized second fluid, which apparatus comprises:
 a rotatably mounted cylindrical rotor having a pair of opposite planar end faces with at least two channels extending axially therethrough and between openings located in said planar end faces;   a tubular sleeve surrounding said rotor in which said rotor rotates;   a pair of end covers having inward and outward end faces, with said inward end faces contacting end faces of said sleeve and interfacing with and slidingly and sealingly engaging said end faces of said rotor, the peripheries of both end covers being supported by said tubular sleeve,   each said end cover having one inlet passageway and one discharge passageway, said passageways being located so that an inlet passageway in one said end cover is aligned with one said channel in said rotor when a discharge passageway in the other said end cover is aligned with the same channel, said inlet passageway and said discharge passageway in each said end cover being constantly sealed from each other during the operation by a sealing region at the interface between said rotor end face and said end cover, whereby said channel openings during rotation of said rotor are, in alternating sequence, brought into partial or full alignment with an inlet passageway in one said end cover and a discharge passageway in the other said end cover and then into partial or full alignment with a discharge passageway in said one end cover and an inlet passageway in said other end cover; and   a rigid member that extends through a coaxial chamber in said rotor and supports central regions of said inward end faces of said end covers so that axial forces on the respective outward end faces do not deform said end covers.   
     
     
       26. A pressure exchange apparatus for transferring pressure energy from a high pressure first fluid to a lower pressure second fluid to provide a pressurized high pressure second fluid, which apparatus comprises:
 a cylindrical rotor mounted to rotate about its axis having a pair of opposite planar end faces with at least two channels extending axially therethrough and between openings located in said planar end faces;   a pair of end covers having inward and outward end faces, with said inward end faces interfacing with and slidingly and sealingly engaging said end faces of said rotor, each said end cover having one inlet passageway and one discharge passageway, said passageways being located so that an inlet passageway in one said end cover is aligned with one said channel in said rotor when a discharge passageway in the other said end cover is aligned with the same channel, said inlet passageway and said discharge passageway in each said end cover being constantly sealed from each other during the operation by a sealing region at the interface between said rotor end face and said end cover, whereby said channel openings during rotation of said rotor are, in alternating sequence, brought into partial or full alignment with an inlet passageway in one said end cover and a discharge passageway in the other said end cover and then into partial or full alignment with a discharge passageway in said one end cover and an inlet passageway in said other end cover;   a pair of end closure assemblies disposed respectively axially outward of said end covers and providing a plenum chamber for flow of high pressure fluid in contact with an outward end face of said respective end cover,   a pressure-balancing chamber which has a 360° annular, inward-facing surface that is disposed at the axial center of at least one said end cover; and   means connecting said chamber in fluid communication to either the high pressure first fluid or to the pressurized second fluid so that last-named end cover is subjected to relatively equal forces upon said inward and outward end faces thereof.   
     
     
       27. The apparatus according to claim 26 wherein one said pressure-balancing chamber is provided adjacent an inward-facing surface of each of said end covers, which pressure-balancing chambers are in pressure communication with each other so that both said end covers are subjected to relatively equal forces upon said inward and outward end faces thereof. 
     
     
       28. The apparatus according to claim 26 wherein a tubular sleeve surrounds said rotor and opposite ends of said sleeve respectively contact said inward-facing surfaces of said end covers along the peripheries thereof. 
     
     
       29. An end cover for inclusion as a part of a pressure exchange apparatus for transferring pressure energy from a high pressure first fluid to a lower pressure second fluid to provide a pressurized second fluid, which apparatus includes a cylindrical rotor for rotatation about an axis which has a pair of opposite planar end faces and at least two channels extending axially therethrough and between openings in said planar end faces, said end cover being one of a pair that axially flank said rotor and are respectively located between a pair of end cover assemblies that respectively provide a plenum chamber for flow of high pressure fluid located axially outward of and in contact with each said end cover;
 said end cover comprising a body which has:
 (a) inward and outward end faces, with said inward end face interfacing with and slidingly and sealingly engaging one planar end face of said rotor, 
 (b) an inlet passageway and a discharge passageway that are constantly sealed from each other during operation by a sealing region at the interface between said rotor planar end face and said end cover, whereby said channel openings in said rotor during rotation of said rotor, in alternating sequence, come into partial or full alignment with said inlet passageway in one end cover and then into partial or full alignment with said discharge passageway in said one end cover; 
 (c) a pressure-balancing chamber which has a 360° annular, inward-facing surface that is disposed at the axial center of said end cover; and 
 (d) means connecting said pressure-balancing chamber in fluid communication to said passageway in said end cover that will be filled with the higher pressure fluid during operation so that said end cover is subjected to relatively equal forces upon said inward and outward end faces thereof.