Spatial light modulator imaging systems

Abstract

A spatial light modulator imaging system comprises an electrically addressed spatial light modulator (EASLM 4, 30) whose optical image output is projected onto different areas of an optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM, 6, 8, 31) in a sequence. The OASLM carries electrodes which allow separate areas to be selectively addressed by application of a voltage whilst receiving light from the EASLM. The combined output from all areas of the OASLM forms a visible image to an observer (11). When illuminated by coherent light the OASLM may produce a holographic image, otherwise incoherent light is used to provide a two dimensional image. The OASLM in one example contains a layer of nematic liquid crystal material between two cell walls both treated with an alignment layer providing low tilt surface alignment that is parallel in opposite direction; the product of layer thickness d and material birefringence Δn approximately equals one quarter of the wavelength λ of read light (12, 37). Other types of nematic devices may also be used, with cell parameters arranged to give enhanced diffraction efficiency.

1. A spatial light modulator imaging system, comprising:
 at least one electrically addressed spatial light modulator (EASLM); 
 an optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) including a layer of a nematic liquid crystal material contained between two cell walls provided in parallel in opposite direction alignment, the layer thickness d and the birefringence Δn at a wavelength λ approximately satisfy the equation Δn.d=λ/4 4; 
 an optical system for directing light from the EASLM onto the OASLM; 
 a controller for loading images on the EASLM then optically onto the OASLM; 
 a controller for applying write voltages to the OASLM simultaneously with application of addressing light; and 
 a read light source providing coherent light of one or more wavelengths for illuminating the OASLM to provide visible diffracted images, 
 wherein the OASLM has at least one electrode that is segmented into a plurality of separately electrically addressable regions, and wherein the controller is adapted configured to apply voltages to the electrode so as to address different regions at different times, 
 the arrangement being such that a plurality of images are read into the EASLM and then onto the OASLM at a rate sufficient to present a stable holographic image to an observer. 
 
     
     
       2. A spatial light modulator imaging system comprising:
 at least one electrically addressed spatial light modulator EASLM; 
 a monostable optically addressed spatial light modulator OASLM arranged to receive addressing light from the EASLM through an optical system; 
 a controller for loading images onto the EASLM then optically onto the OASLM; 
 a controller for applying write voltages to the OASLM simultaneously with application of addressing light; and 
 a read light for illuminating the OASLM to provide visible images; 
 wherein the OASLM has at least one electrode that is segmented into a plurality of separately electrically addressable regions, and wherein the controller is adapted configured to apply write voltages to the electrode so as to address different regions at different times, 
 the arrangement being such that a plurality of images are read into the EASLM and thence onto the OASLM at a rate sufficient to present a stable image to an observer. 
 
     
     
       3. The system of  claim 2  wherein the read light is incoherent light. 
     
     
       4. The system of  claim 2  wherein the read light is incoherent light. 
     
     
       5. The system of  claim 2  wherein the OASLM comprises a layer of a nematic liquid crystal material. 
     
     
       6. The system of  claim 2  wherein the OASLM comprises a layer of nematic liquid crystal material contained between two cell walls provided with parallel in opposite direction alignment. 
     
     
       7. The system of  claim 2  wherein the OASLM comprises a layer of a nematic liquid crystal material contained between two cell walls provided with parallel in opposite direction alignment with a surface tilt of less than 10°. 
     
     
       8. The system of  claim 2  wherein the OASLM comprises a layer of a nematic liquid crystal material contained between two cell walls provided with parallel in opposite direction alignment, the layer thickness d and the birefringence Δn at a wavelength λ approximately satisfy the equation Δn.d=λ/4 4. 
     
     
       9. The system of  claim 2  wherein the EASLM is a single EASLM whose output is arranged to be scanned sequentially over different areas of the OASLM. 
     
     
       10. The system of  claim 2  wherein the OASLM is formed by a plurality of single OASLMs arranged to be addressed in a sequence by light from the EASLM. 
     
     
       11. The system of  claim 2  wherein the controller for loading images on the EASLM contains computer generated holographic images for providing a diffraction pattern to be loaded into the EASLM and displayed to an observer as a three dimensional image. 
     
     
       12. The system of  claim 2  wherein the EASLM is an m by n array of separately addressable EASLMs and the OASLM is an m-by-n array of segments or separate OASLMs. 
     
     
       13. The system of  claim 2  wherein the OASLM contains a layer of nematic liquid crystal material arranged in a twisted configuration (90°, 180°, 270°, 360° of twist). 
     
     
       14. A spatial light modulator imaging system comprising:
 one or more electrically addressed spatial light modulators (EASLM);   one or more optically addressed spatial light modulators (OASLM) arranged to receive addressing light from the EASLM; and   a controller configured to apply write voltages to the OASLM simultaneously with application of the addressing light wherein the OASLM has at least one electrode that is segmented into a plurality of separately electrically addressable regions, and wherein the controller is further configured to apply write voltages to the electrode so as to address different regions at different times.   
     
     
       15. The spatial light modulator imaging system according to claim 14 wherein the OASLM is configured to provide monostable switching characteristics. 
     
     
       16. The spatial light modulator imaging system according to claim 14 wherein the OASLM is configured to display two dimensional images. 
     
     
       17. The spatial light modulator imaging system according to claim 14 wherein the OASLM is configured to display three dimensional computer generated holograms. 
     
     
       18. The spatial light modulator imaging system according to claim 14 further comprising a relay lens array separating the EASLM and the OASLM. 
     
     
       19. The spatial light modulator imaging system according to claim 18 wherein the EASLM is comprised of an array of separate EASLMs and the OASLM is comprised of an array of OASLM segments. 
     
     
       20. The spatial light modulator imaging system according to claim 14 wherein the OASLM is formed of separate OASLMs placed together to form a large display. 
     
     
       21. A monostable optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM) configured to receive addressing light from one or more electrically addressed spatial light modulators (EASLM), wherein the OASLM has at least one electrode that is segmented into a plurality of separately electrically addressable regions, wherein a controller is configured to apply voltages to the at least one electrode so as to address different regions at different times, and wherein the at least one electrode is configured to provide the plurality of separately electrically addressable regions upon receipt of the addressing light and according to an application of the voltages to the at least one electrode. 
     
     
       22. The monostable optically addressed spatial light modulator of claim 21 wherein the OASLM comprises a layer of a nematic liquid crystal material. 
     
     
       23. The monostable optically addressed spatial light modulator of claim 21 wherein the OASLM comprises a layer of nematic liquid crystal material with alignment layers arranged in anti-parallel alignment. 
     
     
       24. The monostable optically addressed spatial light modulator of claim 23 wherein the layer of a nematic liquid crystal material is contained between two cell walls. 
     
     
       25. The monostable optically addressed spatial light modulator of claim 24 wherein the layer of a nematic liquid crystal material includes a surface tilt of less than 10 degrees. 
     
     
       26. A method comprising:
 transmitting an addressing light through an optical system;   applying a write voltage, by a controller, to at least one electrode provided in an optically addressable spatial light modulator (OASLM), wherein the at least one electrode is segmented into a plurality of separately electrically addressable regions;   addressing different regions of the at least one electrode at different times according to the application of the write voltage and a receipt of the addressing light; and   writing a successive array of images on the OASLM.   
     
     
       27. The method according to claim 26 wherein the addressing light is received by the OASLM simultaneously with the application of the write voltage. 
     
     
       28. The method according to claim 26 further comprising:
 transmitting a first addressing light from a first modulator that alternately contains a positive image and a negative image; and   transmitting a second addressing light from a second modulator that contains inverse images of the first modulator.   
     
     
       29. The method according to claim 26 further comprising applying a balancing voltage to the OASLM when the write voltage is not being applied to increase an amount of time the images may be read. 
     
     
       30. The method according to claim 26 further comprising alternately transmitting a positive image and a negative image onto the OASLM.