USRE44507EExpiredUtility
Orthogonal complex spreading method for multichannel and apparatus thereof
Est. expiryDec 2, 2017(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
H04J 13/0048H04J 2013/0037H04J 13/102H04B 1/707H04B 1/7097
48
PatentIndex Score
0
Cited by
72
References
339
Claims
Abstract
An orthogonal complex spreading method for a multichannel and an apparatus thereof are disclosed. The method includes the steps of complex-summing α n1 W M,n1 X n1 which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal Hadamard sequence W M,n1 by a first data X n1 of a n-th block and α n2 W M,n2 X n2 which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal Hadamard sequence W 1,n2 by a second data X n2 of a n-th block; complex-multiplying α n1 W M,n1 X n1 +jα n2 W M,n2 X n2 which is summed in the complex type and W M,n3 +jPW M,n4 of the complex type using a complex multiplier and outputting as an in-phase information and quadrature phase information; and summing only in-phase information outputted from a plurality of blocks and only quadrature phase information outputted therefrom and spreading the same using a spreading code.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modifiedWhat is claimed is:
1. An orthogonal complex spreading method for multiple channels, comprising the steps of:
complex-summing W M,n1 X n1 , which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal code sequence W M,n1 by first data group X n1 of a n-th block, and W M,n2 X n2 , which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal code sequence W M,n2 by second data group X n2 of a n-th block, M and n being positive integers; complex-multiplying the complex summed form of W M,n1 X n1 +jW M,n2 X n2 , by a complex form of W M,n3 +jW M,n4 and outputting (W M,n1 X n1 +jW M,n2 X n2 )×(W M,n3 +jW M,n4 ) as an output signal; and summing in-phase and quadrature phase parts of the output signal outputted from a plurality of blocks as
(
∑
K
n
=
1
(
(
W
M
,
n
1
X
n
1
+
j
W
M
,
n
2
X
n
2
)
×
(
W
M
,
n
3
+
jW
M
,
n
4
)
)
)
,
K is a predetermined integer greater than or equal to 1 to generate I channel and Q channel signal.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein a spreading code spreads the summed in-phase and quadrature-phase signals outputted from the summing step.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Hadamard code sequence.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Walsh code.
5. The method of claim 2 wherein said spreading code is one spreading code.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said spreading code sequence includes a PN code.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein said spreading code includes a first spreading code for the in-phase signal and a second spreading code for the quadrature-phase signal.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the first and second spreading codes are PN codes.
9. The method of claim 3 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 2 , and W M,13 =W 0 , W M,14 =W 1 , when M=4.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein M=8 and W M,12 =W 4 .
11. The method of claim 3 wherein W M,n1 =W 0 , W M,n2 =W 2p , where p represents a predetermined number in a range from 0 to (M/2)−1, and W M,n3 =W 2n−2 , W M,n4 =W 2n−1 .
12. The method of claim 3 wherein W M,21 =W 0 , W M,22 =W 4 , W M,23 =W 2 , W M,24 =W 3 when M=8 in case of two channels.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein W M,12 =W 6 , and W M,22 =W 6 .
14. An orthogonal complex spreading apparatus, comprising:
a plurality of complex multiplication blocks, each for complex-multiplexing a complex signal W M,n1 X n1 +jW M,n2 X n2 by W M,n3 +jW M,n4 wherein W M,n1 X n1 is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal code sequence W M,n1 by first data group X n1 of n-th block and W M,n2 X n2 is obtained by multiplying orthogonal sequence W M,n2 by second data group X n2 of the n-th block, wherein M and n are positive integers and W M,n1 , W M,n2 , W M,n3 and W M,n4 are predetermined orthogonal sequences; and a summing unit for summing in-phase and quadrature phase parts of an output signal from each block of the plurality of the complex multiplication blocks as
(
∑
K
n
=
1
(
(
α
n
1
W
M
,
n
1
X
n
1
+
jα
n
2
W
M
,
n
2
X
n
2
)
×
(
W
M
,
n
3
+
jW
M
,
n
4
)
)
)
,
K is a predetermined integer greater than or equal to 1.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising a spreading unit for multiplying the summed in-phase and quadrature phase signals inputted from the summing unit by spreading code.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said spreading unit multiplies the in-phase and quadrature phase part by different spreading codes.
17. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein each said complex multiplication block includes:
a first multiplier for multiplying the first data group X n1 by the orthogonal code sequence W M,n1 ;
a second multiplier for multiplying the second data group X n2 by the orthogonal code sequence W M,n2 ;
third and fourth multipliers for multiplying the output signal W M,n1 X n1 from the first multiplier and the output signal W M,n2 X n2 from the second multiplier by orthogonal code sequence W M,n3 ;
fifth and sixth multipliers for multiplying the output signal W M,n1 X n1 from the first multiplier and the output signal W M,n2 X n2 from the second multiplier by orthogonal code sequence W M,n4 ;
a first adder for subtracting output signal from the sixth multiplier from output signal (ac) from the third multiplier and outputting an in-phase information; and
a second adder for summing output signal from the fourth multiplier and output signal from the fifth multiplier and outputting quadrature phase information.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Hadamard code sequence.
19. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Walsh code.
20. A permuted orthogonal complex spreading method for multiple channels allocating at least two input channels to first and second groups, comprising the steps of:
multiplying a predetermined orthogonal code sequence W M,n1 by first data group X n1 ; multiplying orthogonal code sequence W M,n2 by second data group X n2 ; summing output signals W M,n1 X n1 and W M,n2 X n2 in the complex form of
∑
K
n
=
1
(
W
M
,
n
1
X
n
1
+
j
W
M
,
n
2
X
n
2
)
;
and
complex-multiplying the received output signal
∑
K
n
=
1
(
W
M
,
n
1
X
n
1
+
j
W
M
,
n
2
X
n
2
)
by
(
W
M
,
1
+
jPW
M
,
Q
)
wherein P is a predetermined sequence, and W M,I and W M,Q are orthogonal code sequences.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the spreading code is a PN code.
22. The method of claim 20 wherein P represents said predetermined sequence or predetermined spreading code or predetermined integer configured so that two consecutive sequences have identical values.
23. The method of claim 20 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Hadamard code sequence.
24. The method of claim 20 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Walsh code.
25. The method of claim 23 wherein W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 2q+1 (where q represents a predetermined number in a range from 0 to (M/2)−1).
26. The method of claim 23 further comprising the steps of:
multiplying the first data group X n1 by gain α n1 ; and
multiplying the second data group X n2 by gain α n2 .
27. The method of claim 23 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 2 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 , when M=4.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein M=8 and W M,12 =W 4 .
29. The method of claim 23 wherein W M,n1 =W 0 , W M,n2 =W 2q+1 , wherein q represents a predetermined number in a range from 0 to (M/2)−1 and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 .
30. The method of claim 20 wherein each group has at least two channels and the receiving step includes the steps of:
summing output signals W M,n1 X n1 from a first sequence multiplier; and
summing output signals W M,n2 X n2 from a second sequence multiplier.
31. A permuted orthogonal complex spreading apparatus for multiple channels, allocating at least two input channels to first and second groups, comprising:
a first multiplier block having at least one channel contained in a first group of channels, each for outputting W M,n1 X n1 which is obtained by multiplying first data group X n1 by orthogonal code sequence W M,n1 , M and n are positive integers; a second multiplier block having a number of channels having at least one channel contained in a second group of channels, each for outputting W M,n2 X n2 which is obtained by multiplying a first data group X n2 by orthogonal code sequence W M,n2 ; a complex multiplier for receiving the output signals from the first and the second multiplier blocks in a complex form of
∑
K
n
=
1
(
W
M
,
n
1
X
n
1
+
j
W
M
,
n
2
X
n
2
)
and complex-multiplying received output signal by W M,I +jPW M,Q , wherein W M,I and W M,Q are predetermined orthogonal code sequence permuted and P is a predetermined sequence.
32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Hadamard code sequence.
33. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Walsh code.
34. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 4 , W M,21 =W 2 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 , when M=8 in case of three input channels.
35. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 2 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 in case of three input channels.
36. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 4 , W M,21 =W 2 , W M,31 =W 6 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 in case of four input channels.
37. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 4 , W M,31 =W 2 , W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 and W M,21 =W 8 in case of four input channels.
38. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 4 , W M,21 =W 2 , W M,31 =W 6 , W M,22 =W 1 , and W M,I W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 in case of five input channels.
39. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein W M,n1 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 4 , W M,21 =W 2 , W M,31 =W 6 , W M,22 =W 3 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 in case of five channels.
40. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 4 , W M,31 W 2 , W M,22 =W 6 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 and W M,21 =W 8 in case of five input channels.
41. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein W 0 X 11 +jW 4 X 12 , W 2 X 21 and W 6 X 31 are replaced by α 11 W 0 X 11 +jα 12 W 4 X 12 , α 21 W 2 X 21 and α 31 W 6 X 31 , and a gain α n1 and a gain α n2 are the identical gain in order to remove the phase dependency by an interference occurring in a multipath of a self signal and an interference occurring by other users.
42. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein W M,n1 =W 0 , W M,n2 =W 2 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 .
43. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the first multiplier block comprises at least a third multiplier for multiplying the first data group X n1 by gain α n1 , and the second multiplier block comprises at least a fourth multiplier the second data group X n2 by gain α n2 .
44. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 4/1 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1/4 , when M=8 in case of two input channels.
45. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 4/1 , W M,21 =W 2 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1/4 , when M=8 in case of three input channels.
46. The method of claim 32 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 2/1 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1/2 , when M=8 in case of two input channels.
47. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein W M,11 =W 0 , W M,12 =W 2/1 , W M,21 =W 4 , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1/2 , when M=8 in case of three input channels.
48. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein each group has at least the two input channels, further comprising:
a first adder for outputting
∑
K
n
=
1
(
W
M
,
n
1
X
n
1
)
by summing output signals from the first multiplier block; and
a second adder for outputting
∑
K
n
=
1
(
W
M
,
n
2
X
n
2
)
by summing output signals from the second multiplier block.
49. The apparatus of claim 31 further comprising:
a spreading unit for multiplying the signal
∑
K
n
=
1
(
W
M
,
n
1
X
n
1
+
j
W
M
,
n
2
X
n
2
)
received by the complex multiplier by a spreading code.
50. The apparatus of claim 49 wherein the spreading unit respectively multiplies the in-phase and quadrature-phase parts by different spreading codes.
51. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein W M,n1 , W M,n2 , W M,I , and W M,Q are orthogonal Hadamard sequences.
52. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the complex multiplier includes:
fifth and sixth multipliers for multiplying said output signal from the first multiplier block and said output signal from the second sequence multiplier by orthogonal sequence W M,I ;
seventh and eighth multipliers for multiplying said output signal from the first multiplier block and output signal α n2 W M,n2 X n2 from the second multiplier block by orthogonal sequence W M,Q ;
a third adder for subtracting output signal from the eighth multiplier from output signal from the fifth multiplier to output an in-phase information; and
a second adder for summing output signal from the sixth multiplier and output signal from the seventh multiplier to output quadrature-phase information.
53. A permuted orthogonal complex spreading apparatus for multiple channels, allocating at least two input channels into first and second groups, comprising:
first and second multiplier blocks for respectively multiplying first and second data group X n1 , and X n2 with a set of predetermined orthogonal sequences W M,n1 , and W M,n2 to output W M,n1 X n1 and W M,n2 X n2 ; a complex multiplier for receiving the output signals W M,n1 X n1 and W M,n2 X n2 from the first and the second multiplier blocks in the complex form of
∑
K
n
=
1
(
W
M
,
n
1
X
n
1
+
j
W
M
,
n
2
X
n
2
)
and multiplying a received signal
∑
K
n
=
1
(
W
M
,
n
1
X
n
1
+
j
W
M
,
n
2
X
n
2
)
by a predetermined sequence (W M,I +jPW M,Q )×SC, wherein W M,I , W M,Q are predetermined orthogonal sequences, P is a predetermined sequence and SC is a spreading sequence.
54. The apparatus of claim 53 wherein each group has at least two input channels, further comprising:
a first adder for outputting
∑
K
n
=
1
(
W
M
,
n
1
X
n
1
)
by summing output signals from the first sequence multiplier; and
a second adder for outputting
∑
K
n
=
1
(
W
M
,
n
2
X
n
2
)
by summing output signals from the second sequence multiplier.
55. The apparatus of claim 53 wherein the first sequence multiplier comprises at least one first gain multiplier for multiplying the data X n1 , of each channel of the first group by gain α n1 , and the second sequence multiplier comprises at least one second gain multiplier for multiplying the data X n2 of each channel of the second group by gain α n2 .
56. The apparatus of claim 53 wherein W M,n1 =W 0 , W M,n2 W 2p , and W M,I =W 0 , W M,Q =W 1 , where p represents a predetermined integer in a range from 0 to (M/2)−1.
57. The apparatus of claim 53 wherein W M,n1 , W M,n2 , W M,I , and W M,Q are orthogonal Hadamard sequences.
58. A spreading method for a mobile communication device, the mobile communication device being capable of supporting a plurality of channels, the method comprising:
generating a first signal, a, based on at least one of the inputs to one of the plurality of channels, a first code, and a first gain; generating a second signal, b, based on at least another of the inputs to another of the plurality of channels, a second code, and a second gain; nonrandomly generating modulated data at least based on values representing e·a-e·b·d and e·b+e·a·d, wherein d is a third signal based on at least a first sequence of elements, wherein the elements in the first sequence of elements nonrandomly alternate between a first value and a second value, the first value being different from the second value, wherein e is a second sequence of elements, wherein some of the elements in the second sequence have the first value and the other elements in the second sequence have the second value.
59. The method of claim 58 wherein the first sequence of elements is W 1 .
60. The method of claim 59, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the one of the inputs, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the another of the inputs, the second code, and the second gain.
61. The method of claim 59, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
62. The method of claim 59, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
63. The method of claim 62, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
64. The method of claim 59, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
65. The method of claim 64, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
66. The method of claim 58, wherein the second sequence is a first PN code.
67. The method of claim 66, wherein the first sequence of elements is W 1 .
68. The method of claim 58 or claim 66, wherein the first code is orthogonal to the second code.
69. The method of claim 58 or claim 66, wherein the first code and the second code are even-numbered Walsh codes.
70. The method of claim 69, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the one of the inputs, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the another of the inputs, the second code, and the second gain.
71. The method of claim 69, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
72. The method of claim 66, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence of elements and the first code is orthogonal to the second code.
73. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein the third sequence of elements is generated based on a second PN code.
74. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein the third sequence of elements is generated based on a spreading sequence.
75. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein one or more of the elements in the third sequence of elements have the first value and the remaining elements in the third sequence of elements have the second value, wherein for the (2N−1)th element in the third sequence of elements, the value of the (2N−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2N)th element in the third sequence of elements, where N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
76. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence of elements and the third sequence of elements.
77. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein the third sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value.
78. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence of elements and the third sequence of elements and wherein the third sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value.
79. The method of claim 78, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the one of the inputs, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the another of the inputs, the second code, and the second gain.
80. The method of claim 79, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
81. The method of claim 80, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
82. The method of claim 81, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
83. The method of claim 80, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
84. The method of claim 83, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
85. The method of claim 79, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
86. The method of claim 85, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
87. The method of claim 79, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
88. The method of claim 87, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
89. The method of claim 78, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
90. The method of claim 78, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
91. The method of claim 90, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
92. The method of claim 78, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
93. The method of claim 92, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
94. The method of claim 58, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence of elements.
95. The method of claim 94, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the one of the inputs, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the another of the inputs, the second code, and the second gain.
96. The method of claim 58, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the one of the inputs, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the another of the inputs, the second code, and the second gain.
97. The method of claim 96, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
98. The method of claim 58, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
99. The method of claim 58, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
100. The method of claim 99, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
101. The method of claim 58, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
102. The method of claim 101, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
103. The method of claim 58, wherein the second sequence of elements is a spreading sequence.
104. A mobile communications device, comprising:
a first signal generator configured to generate a first signal, a, based on at least a first input, a first code, and a first gain; a second signal generator configured to generate a second signal, b, based on at least a second input, a second code, and a second gain, wherein the first code is orthogonal to the second code; and an output generator configured to nonrandomly generate modulated data at least based on values representing e·a-e·b·d and e·b+e·a·d, wherein d is a third signal based on at least a first sequence of elements, wherein the elements in the first sequence of elements nonrandomly alternate between a first value and a second value, the first value being different from the second value, wherein e is a second sequence of elements, wherein some of the elements in the second sequence have the first value and the other elements in the second sequence have the second value.
105. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the first sequence of elements is W 1 .
106. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain.
107. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
108. The apparatus of claim 107, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
109. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
110. The apparatus of claim 109, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
111. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the second sequence of elements is a first PN code.
112. The apparatus of claim 111, wherein the first sequence of elements is W 1 .
113. The apparatus of claim 104 or claim 111, wherein the first code and the second code include Walsh codes.
114. The apparatus of claim 104 or claim 111, wherein the first code and the second code are even-numbered Walsh codes.
115. The apparatus of claim 114, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain.
116. The apparatus of claim 111, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence of elements.
117. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein the third sequence of elements is generated based on a second PN code.
118. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein the third sequence of elements is generated based on a spreading sequence.
119. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein one or more of the elements in the third sequence of elements have the first value and the remaining elements in the third sequence of elements have the second value, wherein for the (2N−1)th element in the third sequence of elements, the value of the (2N−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2N)th element in the third sequence of elements, where N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
120. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence of elements and the third sequence of elements.
121. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein the third sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value.
122. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence of elements and the third sequence of elements and wherein the third sequence consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value.
123. The apparatus of claim 122, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain.
124. The apparatus of claim 123, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
125. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
126. The apparatus of claim 123, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
127. The apparatus of claim 126, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
128. The apparatus of claim 122, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
129. The apparatus of claim 128, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
130. The apparatus of claim 122, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
131. The apparatus of claim 130, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
132. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence of elements.
133. The apparatus of claim 132, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain.
134. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain.
135. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for each (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of a (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
136. The apparatus of claim 135, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
137. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
138. The apparatus of claim 137, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
139. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the second sequence of elements is a spreading sequence.
140. A spreading method for a mobile communication device, the mobile communication device being capable of supporting one or more first input channels and one or more second input channels, the method comprising:
generating a first output, a, based on at least one or more first inputs to the one or more first input channels, one or more first codes, and one or more first gains; generating a second output, b, based on at least one or more second inputs to the one or more second input channels, one or more second codes, and one or more second gains, wherein each of the one or more first codes is orthogonal to each of the one or more second codes; nonrandomly generating modulated data at least based on values representing (a+jb)·(1+jP·W)·e, wherein e is a first sequence of elements, wherein some of the elements in the first sequence have a first value and the other elements in the first sequence have a second value, the first value being different from the second value, wherein W is a second sequence of elements and wherein P is a third sequence of elements.
141. The method of claim 140, wherein the second sequence is W 1 .
142. The method of claim 140, claim 141, claim 170 or claim 174, wherein the third sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value.
143. The method of claim 142, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
144. The method of claim 143, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
145. The method of claim 142, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
146. The method of claim 140, claim 141, claim 170 or claim 174, wherein P is generated based on a PN code.
147. The method of claim 140, claim 141, claim 170 or claim 174, wherein e is a spreading sequence.
148. The method of claim 140, claim 141, claim 170 or claim 174, wherein e is a PN code.
149. The method of claim 141, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
150. The method of claim 149, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
151. The method of claim 150, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
152. The method of claim 151, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
153. The method of claim 150, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
154. The method of claim 153, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
155. The method of claim 149, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
156. The method of claim 155, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
157. The method of claim 149, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
158. The method of claim 157, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
159. The method of claim 141, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
160. The method of claim 159, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
161. The method of claim 160, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
162. The method of claim 159, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
163. The method of claim 162, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
164. The apparatus of claim 163 or claim 180, wherein the first code and the second code are even-numbered Walsh codes.
165. The apparatus of claim 164, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain.
166. The method of claim 141, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)thelement is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
167. The method of claim 166, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
168. The method of claim 141, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
169. The method of claim 168, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
170. The method of claim 140, wherein the one or more first codes and the one or more second codes are even-numbered Walsh codes.
171. The method of claim 170, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
172. The method of claim 171, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
173. The method of claim 170, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
174. The method of claim 140, wherein the (2N−1)th element in the second sequence of elements has the first value and the (2N)th element in the second sequence of elements has the second value, wherein N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
175. The method of claim 140, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
176. The method of claim 175, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
177. The method of claim 176, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
178. The method of claim 177, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
179. The method of claim 176, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
180. The method of claim 179, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
181. The method of claim 175, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
182. The method of claim 181, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
183. The method of claim 175, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
184. The method of claim 183, wherein the second output consists of a sequence ofpairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
185. The method of claim 140, further comprising
transmitting the modulated data through an antenna.
186. The method of claim 185, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
187. The method of claim 186, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
188. The method of claim 185, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
189. The method of claim 188, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
190. The method of claim 140, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements, wherein for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
191. The method of claim 190, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements, for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
192. The method of claim 140, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
193. The method of claim 192, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
194. A mobile communications device, comprising:
a first output generator configured to generate a first output, a, based on at least one or more first inputs, one or more first codes, and one or more first gains; a second output generator configured to generate a second output, b, based on at least one or more second inputs, one or more second codes, and one or more second gains, wherein each of the one or more first codes is orthogonal to each of the one or more second codes; and an output generator configured to nonrandomly generate modulated data at least based on values representing (a+jb)·(1+jP·W)·e, wherein e is a first sequence of elements, wherein some of the elements in the first sequence have a first value and the other elements in the first sequence have a second value, the first value being different from the second value, wherein W is a second sequence of elements and wherein P is a third sequence of elements.
195. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein the second sequence of elements is W 1 .
196. The apparatus of claim 194, claim 195, claim 209, or claim 211, wherein the third sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value.
197. The apparatus of claims 194, claim 195, claim 209, or claim 211, wherein P is generated based on a PN code.
198. The apparatus of claim 194, claim 195, claim 209, or claim 211, wherein e is a spreading sequence.
199. The apparatus of claim 194, claim 195, claim 209, or claim 211, wherein e is a PN code.
200. The apparatus of claim 195, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
201. The apparatus of claim 200, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
202. The apparatus of claim 201, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
203. The apparatus of claim 200, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
204. The apparatus of claim 203, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
205. The apparatus of claim 195, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
206. The apparatus of claim 205, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
207. The apparatus of claim 195, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
208. The apparatus of claim 207, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
209. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein the one or more first codes and the one or more second codes are even-numbered Walsh codes.
210. The apparatus of claim 209, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
211. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein the (2N−1)th element in the second sequence of elements has the first value and the (2N)th element in the second sequence of elements has the second value, wherein N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
212. The apparatus of claim 211, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
213. The apparatus of claim 211, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
214. The apparatus of claim 213, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
215. The apparatus of claim 211, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
216. The apparatus of claim 215, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
217. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
218. The apparatus of claim 217, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
219. The apparatus of claim 218, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
220. The apparatus of claim 217, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
221. The apparatus of claim 220, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
222. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
223. The apparatus of claim 222, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
224. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
225. The apparatus of claim 224, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
226. A spreading method for a mobile communication device, the mobile communication device being capable of spreading one or more first inputs and one or more second inputs to a plurality of channels, the method comprising:
generating a first output, a, based on at least the one or more first inputs, one or more first codes, and one or more first gains; generating a second output, b, based on at least the one or more second inputs, one or more second codes, and one or more second gains, wherein each of the one or more first codes is orthogonal to each of the one or more second codes; receiving a first sequence of elements, W; receiving a second sequence of elements, P; and nonrandomly outputting (a+jb)·(1+jP·W).
227. The method of claim 226, wherein the first sequence of elements is W 1 .
228. The method of claim 226, claim 227, or claim 252, wherein the second sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having a first value or two elements both having a second value and wherein the first value is different from the second value.
229. The method of claim 228, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
230. The method of claim 229, further comprising:
generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); and transmitting the modulated signal through an antenna.
231. The method of claim 230, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
232. The method of claim 231, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
233. The method of claim 230, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
234. The method of claim 233, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
235. The method of claim 228, further comprising:
generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); and transmitting the modulated signal through an antenna.
236. The method of claim 226, claim 227, claim 252 or claim 256, wherein P is generated based on a PN code.
237. The method of claim 238, further comprising:
generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); and transmitting the modulated signal through an antenna.
238. The method of claim 227, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
239. The method of claim 238, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
240. The method of claim 239, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
241. The method of claim 238, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
242. The method of claim 241, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
243. The method of claim 227, further comprising:
generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); and transmitting the modulated signal through an antenna.
244. The method of claim 243, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
245. The method of claim 244, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
246. The method of claim 243, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
247. The method of claim 246, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
248. The method of claim 227, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
249. The method of claim 248, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
250. The method of claim 227, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
251. The method of claim 250, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
252. The method of claim 226, wherein the one or more first codes and the one or more second codes are even-numbered Walsh codes.
253. The method of claim 252, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
254. The method of claim 253, further comprising:
generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); and transmitting the modulated signal through an antenna.
255. The method of claim 252, further comprising:
generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); and transmitting the modulated signal through an antenna.
256. The method of claim 226, wherein the (2N-1)th element in the first sequence of elements has a first value and the (2N)th element in the first sequence of elements has a second value, wherein the first value is different from the second value and wherein N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
257. The method of claim 226, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
258. The method of claim 257, further comprising:
generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); and transmitting the modulated signal through an antenna.
259. The method of claim 258, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
260. The method of claim 259, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
261. The method of claim 258, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
262. The method of claim 261, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
263. The method of claim 257, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
264. The method of claim 263, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
265. The method of claim 257, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
266. The method of claim 265, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
267. The method of claim 226, further comprising:
generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); and transmitting the modulated signal through an antenna.
268. The method of claim 267, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
269. The method of claim 268, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
270. The method of claim 267, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
271. The method of claim 270, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
272. The method of claim 226, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
273. The method of claim 272, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
274. The method of claim 226, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
275. The method of claim 274, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
276. A spreading apparatus, comprising:
a first output generator configured to generate a first output, a, based on at least one or more first inputs, one or more first codes, and one or more first gains; a second output generator configured to generate a second output, b, based on at least one or more second inputs, one or more second codes, and one or more second gains, wherein each one of the one or more first codes are orthogonal to each one of the one or more second codes; a first sequence receiving unit configured to receive a first sequence of elements, W; a second sequence receiving unit configured to receive a second sequence of elements, P; and an output unit configured to nonrandomly output (a+jb)·(1+jP·W).
277. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein the first sequence of elements is W 1 .
278. The apparatus of claim 276, claim 277, or claim 290, wherein the second sequence consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having a first value or two elements both having a second value and wherein the first value is different from the second value.
279. The apparatus of claim 278, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
280. The apparatus of claim 279, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
281. The apparatus of claim 280, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
282. The apparatus of claim 279, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
283. The apparatus of claim 282, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
284. The apparatus of claim 276, claim 277, claim 290 or claim 292, wherein P is generated based on a PN code.
285. The apparatus of claim 277, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
286. The apparatus of claim 277, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
287. The apparatus of claim 286, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
288. The apparatus of claim 277, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
289. The apparatus of claim 288, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
290. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein the one or more first codes and the one or more second codes are even-numbered Walsh codes.
291. The apparatus of claim 290, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
292. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein the (2N−1)th element in the first sequence of elements has a first value and the (2N)th element in the first sequence of elements has a second value, wherein the first value is different from the second value and wherein N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
293. The apparatus of claim 292, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
294. The apparatus of claim 293, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
295. The apparatus of claim 292, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
296. The apparatus of claim 295, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
297. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein:
the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; and the second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains.
298. The apparatus of claim 297, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
299. The apparatus of claim 298, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
300. The apparatus of claim 297, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
301. The apparatus of claim 300, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
302. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein:
each of the one or more first codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
303. The apparatus of claim 302, wherein:
each of the one or more second codes consists of elements; for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; and for the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
304. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
305. The apparatus of claim 304, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
306. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising:
means for generating a first signal, a, based on at least a first input, a first code, and a first gain; means for generating a second signal, b, based on at least a second input, a second code, and a second gain; and means for nonrandomly generating modulated data at least based on values representing e·a-e·b·d and e·b+e·a·d, wherein d is a third signal based on at least a first sequence of elements, wherein the elements in the first sequence of elements nonrandomly alternate between a first value and a second value, the first value being different from the second value, wherein e is a second sequence of elements, wherein some of the elements in the second sequence have the first value and the other elements in the second sequence have the second value.
307. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the first sequence of elements is W 1 .
308. The apparatus of claim 307, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain.
309. The apparatus of claim 307, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for each (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of a (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
310. The apparatus of claim 309, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for each (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of a (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
311. The apparatus of claim 307, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
312. The apparatus of claim 311, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
313. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the second sequence is a first PN code.
314. The apparatus of claim 313, wherein the first sequence of elements is W 1 .
315. The apparatus of claim 306 or claim 313, wherein the first code and the second code include Walsh codes.
316. The apparatus of claim 313, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence and the first code is orthogonal to the second code.
317. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third sequence is generated based on a second PN code.
318. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third sequence is generated based on a spreading sequence.
319. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third sequence consists of elements, one or more of the elements having the first value and the remaining elements having the second value, wherein for the (2N−1)th element in the third sequence, the value of the (2N−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2N)th element, where N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
320. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence and the third sequence.
321. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third sequence consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value.
322. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence and the third sequence and wherein the third sequence consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value.
323. The apparatus of claim 322, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain.
324. The apparatus of claim 323, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for each (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of a (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
325. The apparatus of claim 324, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for each (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of a (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
326. The apparatus of claim 323, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
327. The apparatus of claim 326, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
328. The apparatus of claim 322, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for each (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of a (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
329. The apparatus of claim 328, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for each (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of a (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
330. The apparatus of claim 322, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
331. The apparatus of claim 330, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
332. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence and the first code is orthogonal to the second code.
333. The apparatus of claim 332, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain.
334. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain.
335. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for each (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of a (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
336. The apparatus of claim 335, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for each (2K·1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of a (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1.
337. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
338. The apparatus of claim 337, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value.
339. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the second sequence of elements is a spreading sequence.Cited by (0)
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