Rapid classification of biological components

Abstract

A method is disclosed for analyzing a biological sample by antibody profiling for identifying forensic samples or for detecting the presence of an analyte. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, the analyte is a drug, such as marijuana, cocaine (crystalline tropane alkaloid), methamphetamine, methyltestosterone, or mesterolone. The method involves attaching antigens to a surface of a solid support in a preselected pattern to form an array wherein the locations of the antigens are known; contacting the array with the biological sample such that a portion of antibodies in the sample reacts with and binds to antigens in the array, thereby forming immune complexes; washing away antibodies that do not form immune complexes; and detecting the immune complexes, thereby forming an antibody profile. Forensic samples are identified by comparing a sample from an unknown source with a sample from a known source. Further, an assay, such as a test for illegal drug use, can be coupled to a test for identity such that the results of the assay can be positively correlated to a subject's identity.

We claim: 
     
       1. A method for identifying the source of a biological material comprising individual-specific antibodies, the method comprising:
 forming a two dimensional array comprising multiple antigens attached to a surface of a solid support in a preselected pattern such that identities and locations of the multiple antigens are known, wherein forming the array comprises attaching a first subset of antigens configured for obtaining an antibody profile and a second subset of at least one antigen configured for assaying for a selected analyte in a sample of a biological material having individual-specific antibodies and wherein attaching the second subset of at least one antigen comprises attaching at least one drug; 
 obtaining a sample of a biological material having individual-specific antibodies and contacting the array with the sample to bind at least a portion of the individual-specific antibodies to the multiple antigens of the array, to form immune complexes; 
 washing the array containing the immune complexes; 
 detecting the immune complexes; 
 identifying the immune complexes on the first subset of antigens, to obtain an antibody profile of the biological material; and 
 comparing the obtained antibody profile with an antibody profile from a known individual thereby identifying the source of the biological material. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , wherein forming an array comprises attaching the multiple antigens to the solid support through a covalent bond. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , comprising obtaining a sample of a biological material, the biological material selected from the group consisting of tissue, blood, saliva, urine, perspiration, tears, semen, serum, plasma, amniotic fluid, pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein forming the array comprises attaching multiple antigens to a solid support composed of glass or silica. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 1 , wherein detecting the immune complexes comprises treating the array such that the presence of immune complexes at a location is characterized by a color change at the location. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 5 , wherein detecting the immune complexes comprises obtaining an output using a charge-coupled device and wherein the color change comprises fluorescence or luminescence emission. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , wherein detecting the immune complexes further comprises monitoring the array with solid state color detection circuitry and comparing color patterns before and after detecting the immune complexes. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1 , wherein detecting the immune complexes further comprises obtaining a color camera image before contacting the array with the sample and after detecting the immune complexes, and analyzing pixel information obtained therefrom. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1 , wherein detecting the immune complexes further comprises scanning the array before and after contacting the array with the sample, wherein the solid support is a surface plasmon resonance chip. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 1 , wherein attaching at least one drug comprises attaching a drug selected from the group consisting of marijuana, Cocaine (crystalline tropane alkaloid), methamphetamine, amphetamine, heroin, methyltestosterone, mesterolone and combinations thereof. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 2 , wherein obtaining a sample of a biological material comprises obtaining the biological material from a forensic sample. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 11 , further comprising comparing the antibody profile obtained from the biological material from the forensic sample to an antibody profile prepared from a biological sample obtained from a subject. 
     
     
       13. A method for identifying the source of a biological material comprising individual-specific antibodies, the method comprising:
 forming an a two dimensional array comprising multiple antigens attached to a surface of a solid support, wherein forming the array comprises attaching antigens configured for obtaining an antibody profile, wherein locations and identities for each antigen on the solid support are known; 
 obtaining a sample of a biological material having individual-specific antibodies and contacting the array with the sample to bind at least a portion of the individual-specific antibodies to the multiple antigens of the array, to form immune complexes; 
 washing the array containing the immune complexes; 
 detecting the immune complexes; 
 identifying the immune complexes on the antigens, to obtain an antibody profile of the biological material; and 
 comparing the obtained antibody profile with an antibody profile from a known individual thereby identifying the source of the biological material. 
 
     
     
       14. A method for identifying the source of a biological material comprising individual-specific antibodies and the presence of an analyte, the method comprising:
 contacting a two dimensional array comprising multiple antigens with a sample of a biological material having individual-specific antibodies so as to bind at least a portion of the individual-specific antibodies to one or more of the multiple antigens of the array, to form immune complexes on the array;   wherein a first subset of antigens is configured for obtaining an antibody profile that can be compared with an antibody profile from a known individual to identify the source of the biological material sample, and is capable of binding to individual-specific antibodies, and   wherein a second subset of at least one antigen is capable of binding to a selected analyte, and   wherein a location and an identity of each antigen of the multiple antigens on the array are known;   detecting the immune complexes on the array by the application of at least one detecting antibody to the immune complexes on the array.   
     
     
       15. The method of claim 14, wherein contacting the array comprising multiple antigens comprises contacting multiple antigens attached to the support through covalent bonds. 
     
     
       16. The method of claim 14, wherein contacting the array with a sample of biological material comprises contacting the array with a sample of biological material selected from the group consisting of tissue, blood, saliva, urine, perspiration, tears, semen, serum, plasma, amniotic fluid, pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
       17. The method of claim 14, wherein contacting the array comprising multiple antigens configured for obtaining an antibody profile attached to a surface of a support comprises contacting the array comprising multiple antigens configured for obtaining an antibody profile attached to a surface of a support comprising glass or silica. 
     
     
       18. The method of claim 14, wherein detecting the immune complexes comprises treating the array such that the presence of at least one immune complex at a location is characterized by a color change at that location. 
     
     
       19. The method of claim 18, wherein detecting the immune complexes comprises obtaining an output from at least one immune complex using a charge-coupled device and wherein the color change comprises fluorescence or luminescence emission. 
     
     
       20. The method of claim 14, wherein detecting the immune complexes further comprises monitoring the array with solid state color detection circuitry and comparing color patterns on the array before and after detecting the immune complexes. 
     
     
       21. The method of claim 14, wherein detecting the immune complexes further comprises obtaining a color camera image of the array before contacting the array with the sample and after detecting the immune complexes on the array, and analyzing pixel information obtained therefrom. 
     
     
       22. The method of claim 14, wherein detecting the immune complexes further comprises scanning the array before and after contacting the array with the sample, wherein the support is a surface plasmon resonance chip. 
     
     
       23. The method of claim 14, wherein contacting the array with the sample of biological material comprises contacting the array with a forensic sample. 
     
     
       24. The method of claim 23, further comprising comparing the antibody profile obtained from the forensic sample to an antibody profile prepared from a biological material sample obtained from a subject. 
     
     
       25. The method of claim 14, further comprising removing individual-specific antibodies that are not bound to the array. 
     
     
       26. A method for identifying the source of a biological material, the method comprising:
 contacting a two dimensional array comprising multiple antigens to a sample of a biological material having individual-specific antibodies so as to bind at least a portion of the individual-specific antibodies to one or more of the multiple antigens of the array, to form immune complexes on the array,   wherein the antigens are configured for obtaining an antibody profile that can be compared with an antibody profile from a known individual to identify the source of the biological material sample and is capable of binding to individual-specific antibodies, and,   wherein a location and an identity of each antigen of the multiple antigens on the surface of the support are known;   detecting the immune complexes on the array.   
     
     
       27. The method of claim 26, wherein contacting an array comprising a first and a second subset of antigens comprises contacting an array comprising a second subset of antigens comprising at least one drug selected from the group consisting of marijuana, Cocaine (crystalline tropane alkaloid), methamphetamine, amphetamine, heroin, methyltestosterone, mesterolone and combinations thereof. 
     
     
       28. The method of claim 26, wherein contacting the array comprising multiple antigens comprises contacting the multiple antigens attached to the support through covalent bonds. 
     
     
       29. The method of claim 26, wherein contacting the array with a sample of biological material comprises contacting the array with a sample of biological material selected from the group consisting of tissue, blood, saliva, urine, perspiration, tears, semen, serum, plasma, amniotic fluid, pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and combinations thereof. 
     
     
       30. The method of claim 26, wherein contacting the array comprising multiple antigens configured for obtaining an antibody profile attached to a surface of a support comprises contacting the array comprising multiple antigens configured for obtaining an antibody profile attached to a surface of a support comprising glass or silica. 
     
     
       31. The method of claim 26, wherein detecting the immune complexes comprises treating the array such that the presence of at least one immune complex at a location is characterized by a color change at that location. 
     
     
       32. The method of claim 31, wherein detecting the immune complexes comprises obtaining an output from at least one immune complex using a charge-coupled device and wherein the color change comprises fluorescence or luminescence emission. 
     
     
       33. The method of claim 26, wherein detecting the immune complexes further comprises monitoring the array with solid state color detection circuitry and comparing color patterns on the array before and after detecting the immune complexes. 
     
     
       34. The method of claim 26, wherein detecting the immune complexes further comprises obtaining a color camera image of the array before contacting the array with the sample and after detecting the immune complexes on the array, and analyzing pixel information obtained therefrom. 
     
     
       35. The method of claim 26, wherein detecting the immune complexes further comprises scanning the array before and after contacting the array with the sample, wherein the support is a surface plasmon resonance chip. 
     
     
       36. The method of claim 26, wherein contacting the array with the sample of biological material comprises contacting the array with a forensic sample. 
     
     
       37. The method of claim 36, further comprising comparing the antibody profile obtained from the forensic sample to an antibody profile prepared from a biological material sample obtained from a subject. 
     
     
       38. The method of claim 26, further comprising removing the individual-specific antibodies that are not bound to the array. 
     
     
       39. The method of claim 14, further comprising using the detected immune complexes on the array to obtain an antibody profile of the biological material. 
     
     
       40. The method of claim 14, further comprising comparing the obtained antibody profile with an antibody profile from a known individual to identify the source of the biological material sample. 
     
     
       41. The method of claim 39, wherein the antibody profile is digitized. 
     
     
       42. The method of claim 26, further comprising using the detected immune complexes on the array to obtain an antibody profile of the biological material. 
     
     
       43. The method of claim 26, further comprising comparing the obtained antibody profile with an antibody profile from a known individual to identify the source of the biological material sample. 
     
     
       44. The method of claim 42, wherein the antibody profile is digitized.