Electric motor driven tool for orthopedic impacting

Abstract

An orthopedic impacting tool comprises a motor, an energy storage chamber, a striker, and an anvil. The motor stores energy in the energy storage chamber and then releases it, causing the striker to apply a controlled force on an adapter to create a precise impact for use in a surgical setting. The tool may further comprise a combination anvil and adapter. The tool further allows forward or backward impacting for expanding the size or volume of the opening or for facilitating removal of a broach, implant, or other surgical implement from the opening. An energy adjustment control of the tool allows a surgeon to increase or decrease the impact energy. A light source and hand grips improve ease of operation of the tool.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An orthopedic impacting tool for striking an object, the tool comprising:
 a motor;   a linear motion converter;   an energy storage means;   a detent;   a control means;   an adapter, said adapter capable of holding a broach, chisel or other surgical implement; and   a striker, said striker capable of impacting at least two distinct impact surfaces, wherein a first impact surface moves said adapter forward and a second impact surface moves said adapter rearward,   wherein said control means directs said motor to store an energy in said energy storage means and said energy storage means thereafter releases the energy onto said striker causing said striker to move from a first position to a second position such that said striker is capable of imparting a force upon said adapter in a direction that is dependent at least in part on which surface said striker impacts.   
     
     
       2. The tool as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein said impact surface being impacted is controlled by a bias that a user puts on the tool. 
     
     
       3. The tool as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein said energy storage means includes a chamber operating at less than 9 psia or a pressure in excess of 50 psia at or near the point of peak energy storage. 
     
     
       4. The tool as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein said detent retains said striker in said first position until said detent is released or overcome thus allowing said energy storage means to release the energy onto said striker. 
     
     
       5. The tool as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein said energy storage means further comprises a valve. 
     
     
       6. The tool as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the tool further comprises an energy control element, said energy control element used to adjust the impact energy said striker exerts on said adapter. 
     
     
       7. The tool as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the tool further comprises a stroke limiter, said stroke limiter limiting a stroke of said adapter to less than fifty percent of a stroke of said striker. 
     
     
       8. A surgical device for extracting a tool lodged within a biological object, the device comprising:
 a drive mechanism configured to produce a striking force;   an energy controller configured to control storage and release of energy output from the drive mechanism to an energy storage mechanism to produce a repeatable, controlled striking force;   an adapter configured to receive the tool;   a striker operable to impact a first surface of an actuator and a different second surface of an anvil responsive to the repeatable, controlled striking force delivered thereto by the release of energy from the energy storage mechanism, the impact of the striker on the first surface generating a rearward force on the adapter to extract the tool, and   a detent mechanism configured to retain the striker in position.    
     
     
       9. The device of claim 8, wherein a user bias force on the device in a direction away from the biological object causes the striker to impact the first surface.  
     
     
       10. The device of claim 8, wherein the energy storage mechanism includes a chamber operating between 0 and 9 psia for a portion of a storage cycle.  
     
     
       11. The device of claim 8, wherein the energy storage includes a chamber that is under at least a partial vacuum when the surface of the striker impacts the first or second surface.  
     
     
       12. The device of claim 8, wherein the energy storage mechanism is a compressed air storage chamber.  
     
     
       13. The device of claim 8, further comprising:
 an energy adjustment mechanism to adjust the striking force the striker delivers to the adapter in accordance with a patient profile.    
     
     
       14. The device of claim 8, further comprising:
 a linear motion conversion mechanism,   wherein the drive mechanism is a rotational drive mechanism and the linear motion conversion mechanism is configured to convert an output of the rotational drive mechanism to linear motion.    
     
     
       15. The device of claim 8, wherein upon release of the detent, the retention force of the detent on the striker is reduced by at least fifty percent within a first thirty percent of a stroke of the striker.  
     
     
       16. The device of claim 8, wherein the striker is operably linked to the adapter by the impact of the striker on the first surface.  
     
     
       17. The device of claim 8, wherein the adapter is configured to releasably connect to a surgical implement.  
     
     
       18. The device of claim 8, wherein the striker moves in a substantially axial direction along a guide portion having openings therein for venting of air during operation.  
     
     
       19. The device of claim 14, further comprising:
 a sensor operably linked to the energy controller to regulate the linear motion conversion mechanism to a preferred cyclic operation.    
     
     
       20. The device of claim 19, wherein the sensor detects a position of the linear motion conversion mechanism to limit a stroke to a percentage less than full power.  
     
     
       21. A surgical device for extracting a tool lodged within a biological object, the device comprising:
 a drive mechanism configured to produce a drive energy;   an energy controller configured to control storage and release of the drive energy output from the drive mechanism to an energy storage device to produce a repeatable, controlled striking force;   a tool mount configured to receive the tool lodged within the biological object;   a striker operable to impact a first surface of an actuator and a different second surface of an anvil responsive to the repeatable, controlled striking force delivered thereto by the release of the drive energy from the energy storage device, the impact of the striker on the first surface generating a rearward force on the tool mount to extract the tool, and   a detent mechanism configured to retain the striker in position.    
     
     
       22. The device of claim 21, wherein a user bias force on the device in a direction away from the biological object causes the striker to impact the first surface.  
     
     
       23. A portable, battery powered, surgical device for extracting a tool lodged within a biological object, the device comprising:
 a rotational drive mechanism;   a linear motion converter configured to convert an output of the rotational drive mechanism to linear motion;   an integral battery source powering the rotational drive mechanism of the portable device;   an energy storage device configured to receive energy from the linear motion converter;   a tool mount configured to receive the tool lodged within the biological object;   an energy controller configured to control storage and release of the energy from the energy storage device to deliver a repeatable, controlled striking force to the tool mount;   a striker operable to impact a first surface of an actuator and a different second surface of an anvil responsive to the repeatable, controlled striking force delivered thereto by the release of the energy from the energy storage device, the impact of the striker on the first surface generating a rearward force on the tool mount to extract the tool; and   a detent mechanism configured to retain the striker in position.    
     
     
       24. The device of claim 23, wherein a user bias force on the device in a direction away from the biological object causes the striker to impact the first surface.  
     
     
       25. The impactor of claim 8, wherein the actuator is a pin, and the impact of the striker on the first surface of the pin causes a rearward force to be communicated to the anvil. 
     
     
       26. The impactor of claim 8, wherein a distal surface of the striker is operable to impact the first surface of the actuator and the second surface of the anvil responsive to the repeatable, controllable striking force delivered thereto.