Systems and methods for estimating a return time

Abstract

Systems and methods for estimating a time to cool down or warm up a building zone from a temperature setback condition are provided. A described method includes determining, by a controller for the building zone, at least one of a cooling demand for the building zone and a heating demand for the building zone for a time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition. The method further includes estimating a return time using at least one of the cooling demand and the heating demand. The return time is the time to cool down or warm up the building zone from the temperature setback condition.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for estimating a time to cool down or warm up a building zone from a temperature setback condition, the method comprising:
 monitoring an output signal from a controller for the building zone during a time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition, wherein the output signal is provided from the controller to HVAC equipment that operate operates to cool down or warm up the building zone; 
 using the output signal from the controller to determine, by the controller for the building zone, at least one of a cooling demand for the building zone and a heating demand for the building zone for the time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition; 
 estimating a return time using at least one of the cooling demand and the heating demand, wherein the return time is the time to cool down or warm up the building zone from the temperature setback condition; 
 calculating an estimated deviation of a return time prediction error using a difference between the estimated return time and an actual return time; 
 calculating a correction factor based on a user selection and the estimated deviation of the return time prediction error, wherein the user selection defines a multiplier for the estimated deviation of the return time prediction error; 
 using the estimated return time to transition into a cool down state or a warm up state prior to a time of next scheduled occupancy for the building zone; and 
 operating the HVAC equipment to cool down the building zone in the cool down state or warm up the building zone in the warm up state. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 identifying a current temperature of the building zone; and 
 estimating the return time using the current temperature of the building zone and at least one of the cooling demand and the heating demand. 
 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 comparing the estimated return time with a difference between a current time and a time of next scheduled occupancy for the building zone; and 
 transitioning from an unoccupied state into at least one of the cool down state and the warm up state in response to the estimated return time being greater than or equal to the difference between the current time and the time of next scheduled occupancy. 
 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 1 , wherein determining at least one of the cooling demand and the heating demand comprises:
 filtering the output signal from the controller using a signal filter to determine at least one of the cooling demand and the heating demand, wherein at least one of the cooling demand and the heating demand is a function of the output signal. 
 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 4 , wherein the signal filter is at least one of: an analog filter, a digital filter, a low pass filter, a band pass filter, a smoothing filter, a time window filter, a normalizing filter, and an averaging filter; and
 wherein the function of the output signal from the controller is at least one of: a last value of the controller output signal, an average of the controller output signal, a normalized value of the controller output signal, an integral of the controller output signal, and a transformation of the output signal from the controller. 
 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 4 , wherein at least one of the cooling demand and the heating demand is an exponentially weighted moving average based on the output signal from the controller for at least a portion of the time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1 , wherein determining at least one of the cooling demand and the heating demand comprises:
 identifying the output signal from the controller for the building zone for at least a portion of the time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition; 
 calculating a normalized controller output by comparing the output signal from the controller with a controller output that provides maximum cooling or maximum heating for the building zone; and 
 determining an exponentially weighted moving average of the normalized controller output using the calculated normalized controller output and a normalized controller output for a previous sampling time. 
 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1 , wherein the return time is estimated using an empirical model having one or more model parameters learned from previous data, wherein the estimated return time is a function of the one or more learned model parameters. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 8 , further comprising:
 initializing values for the one or more model parameters to provide default parameters for the empirical model, wherein at least one of the model parameters is initialized to a non-zero value. 
 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 8 , wherein the empirical model is at least one of: a statistical model, a parametric model, a regression model, a neural network model, a state space model, and a fuzzy logic model. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 determining the return time prediction error, wherein the return time prediction error is a difference between the estimated return time and the actual return time; 
 estimating the deviation of the return time prediction error using a plurality of return time prediction errors; and 
 correcting the estimated return time by adding a function of the estimated deviation to the estimated return time. 
 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 11 , further comprising:
 determining the multiplier for the estimated deviation of the return time prediction error, wherein the multiplier is based on a probability of achieving an occupied setpoint temperature at a time of occupancy; and 
 calculating the function of the estimated deviation of the return time prediction error by multiplying the estimated deviation of the return time prediction error by the determined multiplier. 
 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 receiving the user selection between a level of energy savings and a level of comfort for the building zone, wherein the user selection corresponds to a probability of achieving an occupied setpoint temperature at a time of occupancy; 
 calculating the correction factor based on the user selection; and 
 adjusting the estimated return time by applying the correction factor to the estimated return time. 
 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 1 , further comprising:
 comparing a measured temperature of the building zone with an offset temperature setpoint, wherein the offset temperature setpoint is at least one of a heating setpoint minus a temperature offset and a cooling setpoint plus the temperature offset; 
 updating learned model parameters of an empirical model for estimating the return time in response to at least one of: the measured temperature of the building zone being less than the heating setpoint minus the temperature offset, and the measured temperature of the building zone being greater than the cooling setpoint plus the temperature offset. 
 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 14 , wherein the measured temperature of the building zone that is compared with the offset temperature setpoint is at least one of: a temperature of the building zone measured at a beginning of a warm up period, and a temperature of the building zone measured at a beginning of a cool down period. 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 14 , wherein updating the learned model parameters of the empirical model comprises:
 calculating updated model parameters using at least one of: partial least squares regression, ridge regression, principal component regression, weighted least squares regression, ordinary least squares regression, least mean linear regression, and exponentially weighted regularized least squares regression. 
 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 14 , further comprising:
 determining whether an updated model parameter has a value that violates a constraint condition, wherein the constraint condition is based on physical realities expected values of parameters of the empirical model; and 
 setting the updated model parameter to a value that satisfies the constraint condition in response to a positive determination. 
 
     
     
       18. A method for adjusting an estimated time to cool down or warm up a building zone from a temperature setback condition, the method comprising:
 receiving a user selection between a level of energy savings and a level of comfort for the building zone; 
 calculating an estimated deviation of a return time prediction error using a difference between an estimated return time and an actual return time; 
 calculating a correction factor based on the user selection and the estimated deviation of the return time prediction error, wherein the user selection defines a multiplier for the estimated deviation of the return time prediction error; and 
 adjusting the estimated return time by applying the correction factor to the estimated return time, wherein the return time is the time to cool down or warm up the building zone from the temperature setback condition; 
 using the adjusted estimated return time to transition into a cool down state or a warm up state prior to a time of next scheduled occupancy for the building zone; and 
 operating HVAC equipment to cool down the building zone in the cool down state or warm up the building zone in the warm up state. 
 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 18 , wherein adjusting the estimated return time comprises:
 increasing the estimated return time in response to a user selection of a level of comfort for the building zone; and 
 decreasing the estimated return time in response to a user selection of a level of energy savings for the building zone. 
 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 18 , wherein calculating a correction factor based on the user selection comprises:
 identifying a probability of achieving an occupied setpoint temperature at a time of occupancy, the probability corresponding to the user selection; and 
 using the identified probability of achieving the occupied setpoint temperature at the time of occupancy to determine the correction factor. 
 
     
     
       21. A system for estimating a time to cool down or warm up a building zone from a temperature setback condition, the system comprising:
 HVAC equipment that operate operates to cool down or warm up the building zone; and 
 a controller configured to:
 monitor an output signal provided from the controller to the HVAC equipment during a time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition; 
 use the output signal from the controller to determine at least one of a cooling demand for the building zone and a heating demand for the building zone for the time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition; 
 estimate a return time using at least one of the cooling demand and the heating demand, wherein the return time is the time to cool down or warm up the building zone from the temperature setback condition; 
 calculate an estimated deviation of a return time prediction error using a difference between the estimated return time and an actual return time; 
 calculate a correction factor based on a user selection and the estimated deviation of the return time prediction error, wherein the user selection defines a multiplier for the estimated deviation of the return time prediction error; 
 use the estimated return time to transition into a cool down state or a warm up state prior to a time of next scheduled occupancy for the building zone; and 
 operate the HVAC equipment to cool down the building zone in the cool down state or warm up the building zone in the warm up state. 
 
 
     
     
       22. A controller for HVAC equipment that operates to cool down or warm up a building zone, the controller comprising:
 one or more processors; and   memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
 monitoring a control signal provided from the controller to the HVAC equipment during a time period corresponding to a temperature setback condition; 
 estimating a return time as a function of one or more values of the control signal provided to the HVAC equipment, wherein the return time is an amount of time required to cool down or warm up the building zone from the temperature setback condition; and 
 adjusting the control signal to cause the HVAC equipment to begin cooling down or warming up the building zone at a start time based on the return time, the start time prior to a time of next scheduled occupancy for the building zone.  
   
     
     
       23. The controller of claim 22, wherein estimating the return time comprises:
 determining at least one of a cooling demand for the building zone or a heating demand for the building zone as a function of the one or more values of the control signal provided to the HVAC equipment; and   estimating the return time based on the cooling demand or the heating demand.    
     
     
       24. The controller of claim 23, wherein determining the cooling demand or the heating demand comprises:
 generating one or more normalized values of the control signal by comparing the one or more values of the control signal to a value of the control signal that provides maximum cooling or maximum heating for the building zone; and   calculating an average of the one or more normalized values of the control signal.    
     
     
       25. The controller of claim 22, wherein the return time is estimated without requiring a measurement of an outside air temperature.  
     
     
       26. The controller of claim 22, wherein the return time is an estimated amount of time required to drive a temperature of the building zone to a temperature setpoint from the temperature setback condition;
 the operations further comprising determining the start time at which to begin cooling down the building zone or warming up the building zone by subtracting the return time from a time at which the temperature setpoint is to be achieved.    
     
     
       27. The controller of claim 22, the operations further comprising:
 receiving a user selection between a level of comfort and a level of energy savings for the building zone; and   adjusting the return time based on the user selection.    
     
     
       28. A controller for HVAC equipment that operates to cool down or warm up a building zone, the controller comprising:
 one or more processors; and   memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
 monitoring an output signal provided from the controller to the HVAC equipment during a time period corresponding to a temperature setback condition; 
 using the output signal to determine at least one of a cooling demand for the building zone or a heating demand for the building zone for the time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition; 
 determining a start time at which to begin cooling down the building zone or warming up the building zone using an estimated return time based on the cooling demand or the heating demand; and 
 operating the HVAC equipment to begin cooling down the building zone or warming up the building zone at the start time prior to a time of next scheduled occupancy for the building zone.  
   
     
     
       29. The controller of claim 28, wherein determining the start time comprises:
 estimating the return time based on the cooling demand or the heating demand, wherein the return time is an amount of time required drive a temperature of the building zone to a temperature setpoint from the temperature setback condition; and   calculating the start time by subtracting the return time from a time at which the temperature setpoint is to be achieved.    
     
     
       30. The controller of claim 28, wherein the cooling demand or the heating demand is estimated without requiring a measurement of an outside air temperature.  
     
     
       31. The controller of claim 28, wherein the cooling demand or the heating demand for the building zone is determined as a function of one or more values of a control signal provided to the HVAC equipment.  
     
     
       32. The controller of claim 28, wherein determining the cooling demand or the heating demand comprises:
 obtaining one or more values a control signal provided to the HVAC equipment during the time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition; and   calculating the cooling demand or the heating demand as a function of the one or more values of the control signal.    
     
     
       33. The controller of claim 28, the operations further comprising:
 receiving a user selection between a level of comfort and a level of energy savings for the building zone; and   adjusting the start time based on the user selection.    
     
     
       34. A controller for HVAC equipment that operates to cool down or warm up a building zone, the controller comprising:
 one or more processors; and   memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
 receiving a user selection between a level of comfort and a level of energy savings for the building zone; 
 adjusting an estimated return time based on the user selection by increasing the estimated return time in response to a user selection of the level of comfort or decreasing the estimated return time in response to a user selection of the level of energy savings, wherein the estimated return time is an estimated amount of time required to drive a temperature of the building zone to a temperature setpoint from a temperature setback condition; and 
 operating the HVAC equipment to begin cooling down the building zone or warming up the building zone at a start time based on the estimated return time.  
   
     
     
       35. The controller of claim 34, wherein the user selection corresponds to a probability that the temperature of the building zone will reach the temperature setpoint at or before a time of occupancy of the building zone.  
     
     
       36. The controller of claim 34, the operations further comprising estimating the return time based on at least one of a cooling demand for the building zone or a heating demand for the building zone for a time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition.  
     
     
       37. The controller of claim 34, the operations further comprising estimating the return time as a function of one or more values of a control signal provided to the HVAC equipment during a time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition.  
     
     
       38. The controller of claim 34, wherein the return time is estimated without requiring a measurement of an outside air temperature.  
     
     
       39. The controller of claim 34, the operations further comprising calculating the start time by subtracting the estimated return time from a time at which the temperature setpoint is to be achieved.  
     
     
       40. The controller of claim 34, wherein:
 the time period corresponding to the temperature setback condition is a time period during which the building zone is unoccupied; and   the time at which the temperature setpoint is to be achieved is a beginning of a time period during which the building zone is occupied.