Polarizing element and liquid crystal projector

Abstract

A polarizing plate having a desired extinction ratio in a visible light region and light resistance against intense light, and a liquid crystal projector using the above polarizing plate are provided. A polarizing element includes a substrate transparent to visible light, and inorganic particle layers in each of which inorganic particles are linearly disposed, the inorganic particle layers being disposed on the substrate at predetermined intervals to form a wire grid structure, the inorganic particles each have an elliptical shape having a major axis of the inorganic particles in the disposed direction and minor axis in a direction perpendicular thereto.

The invention is claimed as follows: 
     
       1. A polarizing element comprising:
 a first polarizing element including a first substrate transparent to visible light, and   first inorganic particle layers in each of which first inorganic particles are linearly disposed on the first substrate, the first inorganic particle layers being disposed on the first substrate at predetermined intervals to form a wire grid structure,   wherein the first inorganic particles each have an elliptical shape with a major axis in a disposed direction and a minor axis in a direction perpendicular thereto,   wherein the first polarizing element further includes convex portions, which are made of a material transparent to visible light and which extend in one direction, provided on the first substrate,   wherein the first inorganic particle layers are each provided on a top part or at least one of sidewall parts of each of the convex portions; and   a second polarizing element including a second substrate transparent to visible light, and   second inorganic particle layers in each of which second inorganic particles are linearly disposed on the second substrate, the second inorganic particle layers being disposed on the second substrate at predetermined intervals to form a wire grid structure,   wherein the second inorganic particles each have shape anisotropic properties in which a diameter in a disposed direction is long and a diameter in a direction perpendicular thereto is short,   wherein the second polarizing element further includes reflection layers of strip-shaped thin films, which are made of a metal and which extend in one direction, provided on the second substrate at predetermined intervals; and first dielectric layers provided on the reflection layers,   wherein the second inorganic particle layers are provided on the first dielectric layers at positions corresponding to those of the strip-shaped thin films, and   wherein the first and second substrates are adhered to each other at rear surfaces thereof.   
     
     
       2. The polarizing element according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein a refractive index of the first inorganic particles in the disposed direction is larger than that of the first inorganic particles in the direction perpendicular to the disposed direction.   
     
     
       3. The polarizing element according to  claim 2 ,
 wherein an extinction coefficient of the first inorganic particles in the disposed direction is larger than that of the first inorganic particles in the direction perpendicular thereto.   
     
     
       4. The polarizing element according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the first inorganic particle layers are formed by an oblique sputtering method.   
     
     
       5. The polarizing element according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the first inorganic particles include a single element selected from the groups consisting of: Al, Ag, Cu, Au, Mo, Cr, Ti, W, Ni, Fe, Si, Ge, Te, and Sn, an alloy thereof, or a silicide semiconductor material.   
     
     
       6. The polarizing element according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the first inorganic particles include a semiconductor material having a bandgap energy of 3.1 eV or less.   
     
     
       7. The polarizing element according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the first inorganic particle layers have a thickness of 200 nm or less.   
     
     
       8. The polarizing element according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the second substrate is processed by a rubbing treatment so that the direction of the rubbing treatment corresponds to the disposed direction of the first inorganic particles,   the polarizing element further comprising antireflection layers of inorganic particles having shape anisotropic properties, the antireflection layers being provided on the surface of the second substrate so that the direction of the inorganic particles corresponds to the disposed direction of the first inorganic particles.   
     
     
       9. The polarizing element according to  claim 1 ,
 further comprising   second dielectric layers, the second inorganic particle layers and the second dielectric layers forming laminates,   wherein at least one of the laminates is provided on each of the first inorganic particle layers.   
     
     
       10. The polarizing element according to  claim 1 , further comprising a polarizing element protective layer transparent to light in a service bandwidth as an outermost surface. 
     
     
       11. A liquid crystal projector comprising:
 a lamp;   a liquid crystal panel; and   a polarizing element including a substrate transparent to visible light; and   first inorganic particle layers in each of which first inorganic particles are linearly disposed on the substrate, the first inorganic particle layers being disposed on the substrate at predetermined intervals to form a wire grid structure,   wherein the first inorganic particles each have an elliptical shape with a major axis in a disposed direction and a minor axis in a direction perpendicular thereto,   wherein the first polarizing element further includes convex portions, which are made of a material transparent to visible light and which extend in one direction, provided on the first substrate,   wherein the first inorganic particle layers are each provided on a top part or at least one of sidewall parts of each of the convex portions; and   a second polarizing element including a second substrate transparent to visible light, and   second inorganic particle layers in each of which second inorganic particles are linearly disposed on the second substrate, the second inorganic particle layers being disposed on the second substrate at predetermined intervals to form a wire grid structure,   wherein the second inorganic particles each have shape anisotropic properties in which a diameter in a disposed direction is long and a diameter in a direction perpendicular thereto is short,   wherein the second polarizing element further includes reflection layers of strip-shaped thin films, which are made of a metal and which extend in one direction, provided on the second substrate at predetermined intervals; and first dielectric layers provided on the reflection layers,   wherein the second inorganic particle layers are provided on the first dielectric layers at positions corresponding to those of the strip-shaped thin films, and   wherein the first and second substrates are adhered to each other at rear surfaces thereof.   
     
     
       12. A wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption comprising:
 a substrate transparent to visible light;   a plurality of reflection layers including strip-shaped thin films, which include a metal and which extend in one direction, provided on the substrate at predetermined intervals;   dielectric layers formed on the reflection layers;   inorganic particle layers formed at positions corresponding to positions of the strip-shaped thin films, on the dielectric layers,   wherein inorganic particles forming the inorganic particle layers each have shape anisotropic properties in which a diameter in a disposed direction is long and a diameter in a direction perpendicular thereto is short, and a crystal structure of the inorganic particles forming the inorganic particle layers is amorphous.    
     
     
       13. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 12,
 wherein the substrate has a concave-convex portion member formed on thereon that has a pitch, line width/pitch, concave portion depth or convex portion height, convex portion length, and top line width/bottom line width of the concave-convex portion member in the following ranges:   0.05 μm<pitch<0.8 μm;   0.1<line width/pitch<0.9;   0.01 μm<concave portion depth<0.2 μm;   0.05 μm<convex portion length; and   1.0≥top line width/bottom line width.    
     
     
       14. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 12,
 wherein the substrate has a concave-convex portion member formed on thereon that has a pitch, line width/pitch, thin film height, and thin film length of the concave-convex portion member in the following ranges:   0.05 μm<pitch<0.8 μm;   0.1<line width/pitch<0.9;   0.01 μm<thin film height<1 μm; and   0.05 μm<thin film length.    
     
     
       15. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 12,
 wherein the inorganic particle layers have a thickness of 200 nm or less.    
     
     
       16. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 12,
 further comprising an antireflection layer being provided between the substrate and the reflection layers.    
     
     
       17. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 12,
 wherein the dielectric layer includes a dielectric material selected from the group consisting of a silicon compound, an aluminum compound, a magnesium compound and combinations thereof.    
     
     
       18. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 12,
 further comprising a protective layer formed as an outmost surface of the wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption.    
     
     
       19. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 18,
 wherein the protective layer is a self-organizing film.    
     
     
       20. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 18,
 wherein the protective layer is Perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) or Octadecanetrichlorosilane (OTS).    
     
     
       21. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 18,
 wherein the protective layer is a silane-based self-organizing film.    
     
     
       22. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 18,
 wherein the protective layer includes a hydrophobic self-organizing film.    
     
     
       23. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 18,
 further comprising an adhesive layer,   wherein the self-organizing film is provided on the adhesive layer.    
     
     
       24. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 23,
 wherein the adhesive layer includes SiO2.    
     
     
       25. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 12,
 wherein the substrate includes glass, sapphire, or quartz.    
     
     
       26. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 12,
 wherein the wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption is on an incident side of the light of a liquid crystal panel or an emission side of the light of a liquid crystal panel.    
     
     
       27. The wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption according to claim 12,
 wherein the wire grid type polarizing element for light absorption is included in a transmission type liquid crystal projector.    
     
     
       28. A liquid crystal display comprising:
 a liquid crystal panel;   an incident side polarizing side plate; and   an emission side polarizing side plate;   wherein at least one of the incident side polarizing side plate or the emission side polarizing side plate comprises,
 a substrate transparent to visible light; 
 a plurality of reflection layers including strip-shaped thin films, which include a metal and which extend in one direction, provided on the substrate at predetermined intervals; 
 dielectric layers formed on the reflection layers; and 
 inorganic particle layers formed at positions corresponding to positions of the strip-shaped thin films, on the dielectric layers, 
 wherein inorganic particles forming the inorganic particle layers each have shape anisotropic properties in which a diameter in a disposed direction is long and a diameter in a direction perpendicular thereto is short, and a crystal structure of the inorganic particles forming the inorganic particle layers is amorphous.  
   
     
     
       29. A transmission type liquid crystal projector comprising:
 a liquid crystal panel; and   a polarizing plate, wherein the polarizing plate comprises:
 a substrate transparent to visible light, 
 an incident side polarizing side plate, and 
 an emission side polarizing side plate, 
 wherein at least one of the incident side polarizing side plate or the emission side polarizing side plate comprises,
 a plurality of reflection layers including strip-shaped thin films, which include a metal and which extend in one direction, provided on the substrate at predetermined intervals, 
 dielectric layers formed on the reflection layers, and 
 inorganic particle layers formed at positions corresponding to positions of the strip-shaped thin films, on the dielectric layers, 
 wherein inorganic particles forming the inorganic particle layers each have shape anisotropic properties in which a diameter in a disposed direction is long and a diameter in a direction perpendicular thereto is short, and a crystal structure of the inorganic particles forming the inorganic particle layers is amorphous.