LED illumination device and calibration method for accurately characterizing the emission LEDs and photodetector(s) included within the LED illumination device

Abstract

An illumination device and method is provided herein for calibrating individual LEDs and photodetector(s) included within the illumination device, so as to obtain a desired luminous flux and a desired chromaticity of the device over time as the LEDs age. Specifically, a calibration method is provided herein for characterizing each emission LED and each photodetector separately. The wavelength and intensity of the illumination produced by each emission LED is accurately characterized over a plurality of different drive currents and ambient temperatures, and at least a subset of the wavelength and intensity measurement values are stored with a storage medium of the illumination device for each emission LED. The responsivity of the photodetector is accurately characterized over emitter wavelength and photodetector junction temperature, and results of said characterization are stored with the storage medium.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for calibrating an illumination device comprising at least a first emission light emitting diode (LED) and a photodetector, the method comprising:
 subjecting the illumination device to a first ambient temperature; 
 successively applying a plurality of different drive currents to the first emission LED to produce illumination at different levels of brightness; 
 obtaining wavelength and intensity measurement values for the illumination produced by the first emission LED at each of the different drive currents; 
 measuring a forward voltage developed across the first emission LED by applying a non-operative drive current to the first emission LED before or after each of the different drive currents is applied to the first emission LED; and 
 storing the forward voltage measurements and at least a subset of the wavelength and intensity measurements within a storage medium of the illumination device to characterize the first emission LED at the first ambient temperature. 
 
     
     
       2. The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the intensity measurements comprise radiance measurements. 
     
     
       3. The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the intensity measurements comprise luminance measurements. 
     
     
       4. The method as recited in  claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the illumination device to a second ambient temperature, which is different from the first ambient temperature. 
     
     
       5. The method as recited in  claim 4 , further comprising repeating the steps of successively applying a plurality of different drive currents to the first emission LED, obtaining wavelength and intensity measurement values for the illumination produced by the first emission LED at each of the different drive currents, measuring a forward voltage developed across the first emission LED and storing at least a subset of the wavelength, intensity and forward voltage measurement values within a storage medium of the illumination device to characterize the first emission LED at the second ambient temperature. 
     
     
       6. The method as recited in  claim 5 , wherein the illumination device comprises a plurality of LEDs including the first LED, and wherein the method is performed for each of the plurality of LEDs. 
     
     
       7. The method as recited in  claim 1 , further comprising:
 measuring a photocurrent induced on the photodetector by the illumination produced by the first emission LED at each of the different drive currents; 
 measuring a forward voltage developed across the photodetector before or after each photocurrent is measured; 
 subjecting the illumination device to a second ambient temperature, which is different from the first ambient temperature; and 
 repeating the steps of measuring a photocurrent induced on, and measuring a forward voltage developed across, the photodetector. 
 
     
     
       8. The method as recited in  claim 7 , further comprising:
 calculating a photodetector responsivity value for each of the different drive currents, wherein each photodetector responsivity value is calculated as a ratio of the photocurrent over the intensity measured at each of the different drive currents; 
 characterizing a change in the photodetector responsivity over emitter wavelength and photodetector forward voltage; and 
 storing results of said characterization within the storage medium of the illumination device. 
 
     
     
       9. The method as recited in  claim 8 , wherein the step of characterizing a change in the photodetector responsivity over emitter wavelength and photodetector forward voltage comprises:
 generating relationships between the calculated photodetector responsivity values and the wavelengths and forward voltages measured during the measuring steps at each of the different drive currents; and 
 applying a first order polynomial to the generated relationships to characterize the change in the photodetector responsivity over emitter wavelength and photodetector forward voltage. 
 
     
     
       10. The method as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the step of storing results of said characterization comprises storing a plurality of coefficient values of said first order polynomial within the storage medium of the illumination device to characterize the photodetector responsivity. 
     
     
       11. The method as recited in  claim 10 , wherein the illumination device comprises a plurality of LEDs including the first LED, and wherein the method is performed for each of the plurality of LEDs. 
     
     
       12. An illumination device, comprising:
 a plurality of emission light emitting diodes (LEDs) configured to produce illumination for the illumination device; 
 an LED driver and receiver circuit coupled to the plurality of emission LEDs and configured for successively applying a plurality of different drive currents to each of the emission LEDs, one emission LED at a time, to produce illumination at different levels of brightness; 
 an interface configured for receiving wavelength and intensity values, which are measured by an external calibration tool upon receiving the illumination produced by each of the emission LEDs at each of the plurality of different drive currents; and 
 a storage medium configured for storing at least a subset of the wavelength and intensity values obtained for each of the emission LEDs within a table of calibration values. 
 
     
     
       13. The illumination device as recited in  claim 12 , wherein for each emission LED, the table of calibration values comprises:
 a first plurality of wavelength values detected from the emission LED upon applying the plurality of different drive currents to the emission LED when the emission LED is subjected to a first ambient temperature; 
 a second plurality of wavelength values detected from the emission LED upon applying the plurality of different drive currents to the emission LED when the emission LED is subjected to a second ambient temperature, which is different than the first ambient temperature; 
 a first plurality of intensity values detected from the emission LED upon applying the plurality of different drive currents to the emission LED when the emission LED is subjected to the first ambient temperature; and 
 a second plurality of intensity values detected from the emission LED upon applying the plurality of different drive currents to the emission LED when the emission LED is subjected to the second ambient temperature. 
 
     
     
       14. The illumination device as recited in  claim 12 , wherein the interface is a wired interface, which is configured to communicate over an AC mains, a dedicated conductor or a set of conductors. 
     
     
       15. The illumination device as recited in  claim 12 , wherein for each emission LED, the LED driver and receiver circuit is further configured for:
 applying a non-operative drive current to the emission LED before or after each of the different drive currents is applied to the emission LED; and 
 measuring a plurality of forward voltages that develop across the emission LED in response to the applied non-operative drive currents. 
 
     
     
       16. The illumination device as recited in  claim 15 , wherein for each emission LED, the table of calibration values comprises:
 a first plurality of forward voltages measured across the emission LED when the emission LED is subjected to a first ambient temperature; and 
 a second plurality of forward voltages measured across the emission LED when the emission LED is subjected a second ambient temperature, which is different than the first ambient temperature. 
 
     
     
       17. The illumination device as recited in  claim 12 , wherein the interface is a wireless interface configured to communicate using radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR) light or visible light. 
     
     
       18. The illumination device as recited in  claim 17 , wherein the wireless interface is configured to operate according to at least one of ZigBee, WiFi, or Bluetooth communication protocols. 
     
     
       19. The illumination device as recited in  claim 12 , further comprising a photodetector configured for detecting the illumination produced by each of the plurality of emission LEDs. 
     
     
       20. The illumination device as recited in  claim 16 , wherein the LED driver and receiver circuit is coupled to the a photodetector and further configured for:
 measuring photocurrents that are induced on the photodetector by the illumination produced by each of the emission LEDs at each of the different drive currents when the emission LEDs are subjected to a first ambient temperature; 
 measuring forward voltages that develop across the photodetector before or after each induced photocurrent is measured; and 
 repeating the steps of measuring photocurrents that are induced on the photodetector and measuring forward voltages that develop across the photodetector when the emission LEDs are subjected to a second ambient temperature, which is different from the first ambient temperature. 
 
     
     
       21. The illumination device as recited in  claim 20 , further comprising control circuitry coupled to the LED driver and receiver circuitry, wherein for each emission LED, the control circuitry is configured for:
 calculating a photodetector responsivity value for each of the different drive currents by dividing the photocurrent measured at a given drive current by the received intensity value obtained at the same drive current; and 
 characterizing a change in the photodetector responsivity over emitter wavelength and photodetector forward voltage. 
 
     
     
       22. The illumination device as recited in  claim 21 , wherein the control circuit is configured for characterizing the change in the photodetector responsivity over emitter wavelength and photodetector forward voltage by:
 generating relationships between the photodetector responsivity values calculated by the control circuit, the wavelength values received from the interface and the forward voltages measured across the photodetector by the LED driver and receiver circuit at each of the different drive currents; 
 applying a first order polynomial to the generated relationships to characterize the change in the photodetector responsivity over emitter wavelength and photodetector forward voltage; and 
 calculating a plurality of coefficient values from the first order polynomial. 
 
     
     
       23. The illumination device as recited in  claim 22 , wherein the storage medium is further configured for storing the plurality of coefficient values calculated by the control circuit for each emission LED. 
     
     
       24. A method for calibrating an illumination device comprising at least a first emission light emitting diode (LED) and a photodetector, the method comprising:
 subjecting the illumination device to a first ambient temperature;   successively applying a plurality of different drive currents to the first emission LED to produce illumination at different levels of brightness;   obtaining wavelength and intensity measurement values for the illumination produced by the first emission LED at each of the different drive currents;   measuring a photocurrent induced on the photodetector by the illumination produced by the first emission LED at each of the different drive currents;   measuring a forward voltage developed across the photodetector before or after each photocurrent is measured;   calculating a photodetector responsivity value for each of the different drive currents, wherein each photodetector responsivity value is calculated as a ratio of the photocurrent over the intensity measured at each of the different drive currents;   characterizing a change in the photodetector responsivity over emitter wavelength and photodetector forward voltage; and   storing results of said characterization within a storage medium of the illumination device.   
     
     
       25. The method of claim 24, further comprising:
 subjecting the illumination device to a second ambient temperature, which is different from the first ambient temperature; and   repeating the steps of measuring a photocurrent induced on, and measuring a forward voltage developed across, the photodetector.   
     
     
       26. A compensation method for a light-emitting diode (LED) illumination device that includes a plurality of LED emitters and a photodetector, the method comprising, for each LED emitter included in the plurality of LED emitters:
 successively applying each of a plurality of operative drive currents to the respective LED emitter while maintaining a non-operative drive current to the remaining LED emitters in the plurality of LED emitters;   at each of the plurality of operative drive currents:
 measuring a plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measuring one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measuring one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector; 
   calculating a photodetector responsivity value for each of the operative drive currents using the respective plurality of optical output parameters, the one or more electrical parameters, and the one or more photodetector electrical parameters;   generating a responsivity relationship that characterizes the photodetector based on the calculated responsivity values; and   storing the responsivity relationship.   
     
     
       27. The method of claim 26, further comprising, for each of the LED emitters included in the plurality of LED emitters:
 at each of a plurality of different ambient temperatures;
 successively applying each of the plurality of operative drive currents to the respective LED emitter while maintaining the non-operative drive current to the remaining LED emitters; and 
 at each of the plurality of operative drive currents:
 measuring the plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measuring the one or more emitter LED electrical parameters; 
 measuring the one or more photodetector electrical parameters; and 
 characterizing the responsivity of the photodetector disposed in the LED illumination device based on the plurality of optical output parameters and the one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED and the one or more photodetector electrical parameters. 
 
   
     
     
       28. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
 causing a storage of the plurality of output parameters and the one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED in memory circuitry coupled to the illumination device.   
     
     
       29. The method of claim 26, wherein measuring the one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector further comprises:
 measuring a forward voltage across the photodetector at each of the plurality of operative drive currents.   
     
     
       30. The method of claim 26, wherein measuring the plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED further comprises:
 measuring an output wavelength and an output intensity of the respective emitter LED at each of the plurality of operative drive currents.   
     
     
       31. The method of claim 26, wherein measuring the plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED further comprises:
 measuring an output luminous flux and an output chromaticity of the respective emitter LED at each of the plurality of operative drive currents.   
     
     
       32. The method of claim 26, wherein measuring the one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED further comprises:
 measuring a forward voltage across the respective emitter LED at each of the plurality of drive currents.   
     
     
       33. The method of claim 26, wherein measuring the one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector further comprises:
 measuring an induced photocurrent in the photodetector at each of the plurality of emitter LED drive currents and a forward voltage across the photodetector at each of the plurality of emitter LED drive currents.   
     
     
       34. The method of claim 26, wherein the responsivity relationship comprises a first order polynomial relationship that characterizes the responsivity of the photodetector based on a measured visible output wavelength of the respective emitter LED at each of the plurality of drive currents and a measured forward voltage across the photodetector at corresponding ones of the plurality of drive currents. 
     
     
       35. The method of claim 26, wherein the responsivity relationship comprises a ratio that characterizes the responsivity of the photodetector using a measured photocurrent at each of the plurality of emitter LED drive currents and a respective radiance of the emitter LED measured at the photodetector at corresponding ones of the plurality of LED drive currents. 
     
     
       36. A non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device that includes instructions that, when executed by control circuitry in a light-emitting diode (LED) illumination device that includes a plurality of LED emitters and a photodetector, causes the control circuitry to, for each LED emitter included in the plurality of LED emitters:
 successively apply each of a plurality of operative drive currents to the respective LED emitter while maintaining a non-operative drive current to the remaining LED emitters;   at each of the plurality of operative drive currents:
 measure each of a plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measure each of one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measure each of one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector; 
   calculate a photodetector responsivity value for each of the operative drive currents using the respective plurality of optical output parameters, the one or more electrical parameters, and the one or more photodetector electrical parameters;   generate a responsivity relationship that characterizes the photodetector based on the calculated responsivity values; and   store the responsivity relationship.   
     
     
       37. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 36, wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to, for each of the LED emitters included in the plurality of LED emitters:
 at each of a plurality of different ambient temperatures;
 successively apply each of the plurality of operative drive currents to the respective LED emitter while maintaining the non-operative drive current to the remaining LED emitters; and 
 at each of the plurality of operative drive currents:
 measure each of a plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measure each of one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measure each of one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector; and 
 characterize the responsivity of the photodetector based on the plurality of optical output parameters and the one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED and the one or more photodetector electrical parameters. 
 
   
     
     
       38. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 36, wherein the instructions further cause the control circuitry to:
 cause a storage of the plurality of optical output parameters and the one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED in memory circuitry communicatively coupled to the control circuitry.   
     
     
       39. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 36, wherein the instructions that cause the control circuitry to measure the one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector further cause the control circuitry to:
 measure a forward voltage across the photodetector at each of the plurality of operative drive currents.   
     
     
       40. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 36, wherein the instructions that cause the control circuitry to measure the plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED further cause the control circuitry to:
 measure an output wavelength and an output intensity of the respective emitter LED at each of the plurality of operative drive currents.   
     
     
       41. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 36, wherein the instructions that cause the control circuitry to measure the plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED further cause the control circuitry to:
 measure an output luminous flux and an output chromaticity of the respective LED at each of the plurality of operative drive currents.   
     
     
       42. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 36, wherein the instructions that cause the control circuitry to measure the one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED further cause the control circuitry to:
 measure a forward voltage across the respective emitter LED at each of the plurality of drive currents.   
     
     
       43. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 36, wherein the instructions that cause the control circuitry to measure the one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector further cause the control circuitry to:
 measure an induced photocurrent in the photodetector at each of the plurality of emitter LED drive currents and a forward voltage across the photodetector at each of the plurality of emitter LED drive currents.   
     
     
       44. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 36, wherein the responsivity relationship comprises a first order polynomial relationship that characterizes the responsivity of the photodetector based on a measured visible output wavelength of the emitter LED at each of the plurality of drive currents and a respective measured forward voltage across the photodetector at corresponding ones of the plurality of drive currents. 
     
     
       45. The non-transitory, machine-readable, storage device of claim 36, wherein the responsivity relationship comprises a ratio that characterizes the responsivity of the photodetector using a measured photocurrent at each of the plurality of emitter LED drive currents and a respective radiance of the emitter LED measured at the photodetector at corresponding ones of the plurality of LED drive currents. 
     
     
       46. A light-emitting diode (LED) illumination device, comprising:
 a plurality of LED emitters;   a photodetector; and   control circuitry communicatively coupled to the plurality of LED emitters and the photodetector, the control circuitry to, for each LED emitter included in the plurality of LED emitters:
 successively apply each of a plurality of operative drive currents to the respective LED emitter while maintaining a non-operative drive current to the remaining LED emitters; 
 at each of the plurality of operative drive currents:
 measure each of a plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measure each of one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measure each of one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector; 
 
 calculate a photodetector responsivity value for each of the operative drive currents using the respective plurality of optical output parameters, the one or more electrical parameters, and the one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector; 
 generate a responsivity relationship that characterizes the photodetector based on the calculated responsivity values; and 
 store the responsivity relationship. 
   
     
     
       47. The LED illumination device of claim 46, the control circuitry to further, for each of the LED emitters included in the plurality of LED emitters:
 at each of a plurality of different ambient temperatures:
 successively apply each of the plurality of operative drive currents to the respective LED emitter while maintaining the non-operative drive current to the remaining LED emitters; and 
 at each of the plurality of operative drive currents:
 measure each of a plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measure each of one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED; 
 measure each of one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector; and 
 characterize a responsivity of the photodetector based on the plurality of optical output parameters and the one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED and the one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector. 
 
   
     
     
       48. The LED illumination device of claim 46, the control circuitry to further:
 cause a storage of the plurality of optical output parameters and the one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED in memory circuitry communicatively coupled to the control circuitry.   
     
     
       49. The LED illumination device of claim 46, wherein, to measure the one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector, the control circuitry to further:
 measure a forward voltage across the photodetector at each of the plurality of operative drive currents.   
     
     
       50. The LED illumination device of claim 46, wherein, to measure the plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED, the control circuitry to further:
 measure an output wavelength and an output intensity of the respective emitter LED at each of the plurality of operative drive currents.   
     
     
       51. The LED illumination device of claim 46, wherein, to measure the plurality of optical output parameters of the respective emitter LED, the control circuitry to further:
 measure an output luminous flux and an output chromaticity of the respective emitter LED at each of the plurality of operative drive currents.   
     
     
       52. The LED illumination device of claim 46, wherein, to measure the one or more electrical parameters of the respective emitter LED, the control circuitry to further:
 measure a forward voltage across the respective emitter LED at each of the plurality of drive currents.   
     
     
       53. The LED illumination device of claim 46, wherein, to measure the one or more electrical parameters of the photodetector, the control circuitry to further:
 measure an induced photocurrent in the photodetector at each of the plurality of emitter LED drive currents and a forward voltage across the photodetector at each of the plurality of emitter LED drive currents.   
     
     
       54. The LED illumination device of claim 46, wherein the responsivity relationship comprises a first order polynomial relationship that characterizes the responsivity of the photodetector based on a measured visible output wavelength of the emitter LED at each of the plurality of drive currents and a respective measured forward voltage across the photodetector at corresponding ones of the plurality of drive currents. 
     
     
       55. The LED illumination device of claim 46, wherein the responsivity relationship comprises a ratio that characterizes the responsivity of the photodetector using a measured photocurrent at each of the plurality of emitter LED drive currents and a respective radiance of the emitter LED measured at the photodetector at corresponding ones of the plurality of LED drive currents.