Method for evaluating and monitoring formation fracture treatment using fluid pressure waves

Abstract

A method for characterizing a hydraulic fracture in a sub-surface formation includes inducing a pressure change in a well drilled through the subsurface formation. At least one of pressure and pressure time derivative are measured in or at a location proximate to a wellhead for a selected length of time. At least one of a physical parameter, a time derivative, and a change in the parameter with respect to time of the physical parameter of at least one fracture is determined using the measured at least one of pressure and the time derivative of pressure.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A method for characterizing a hydraulic fracture in a subsurface formation, comprising:
 inducing a pressure change in a well drilled through the subsurface formation, the inducing a pressure change inducing tube waves in the well; 
 measuring at a location proximate to a wellhead at least one of pressure and a time derivative of pressure in the well for a selected length of time; and 
 determining at least one of a value of and change in the value with respect to time of the mathematical product of fracture permeability and fracture width divided by viscosity of a fluid, of at least one fracture in a formation adjacent to the well using tube wave components of the measured at least one of pressure and the time derivative of pressure. 
 
     
     
       2. The method of  claim 1  wherein the inducing a pressure change comprises pumping a hydraulic fracture treatment. 
     
     
       3. The method of  claim 2  wherein the at least one of the value, and the change in the value with respect to time is determined before the pumping the hydraulic fracture treatment. 
     
     
       4. The method of  claim 2  wherein the at least one of value, and a change in the value with respect to time is determined during the pumping the hydraulic fracture treatment. 
     
     
       5. The method of  claim 2  wherein the at least one of a the value, and a change in the value with respect to time is determined after the pumping the hydraulic fracture treatment. 
     
     
       6. The method of  claim 1  wherein the inducing a pressure change comprises water hammergenerated by changing a flow rate of fluid into or out of the well. 
     
     
       7. The method of  claim 1  wherein the inducing a pressure change comprises operating an acoustic source which propagates a positive and/or negative pressure pulse into fluid within the well. 
     
     
       8. The method of  claim 1  further comprising determining a number of fractures or change in the number of fractures with respect to time. 
     
     
       9. The method of  claim 1  further comprising determining fracture width or change in fracture width with respect to time. 
     
     
       10. The method of  claim 1  further comprising determining fracture height or change in fracture height with respect to time. 
     
     
       11. The method of  claim 1  further comprising determining fracture length or change in fracture length with respect to time. 
     
     
       12. The method of  claim 1  further comprising determining fluid conductivity or change in conductivity with respect to time of the at least one fracture. 
     
     
       13. The method of  claim 1  further comprising determining fluid connectivity to the well or change in the fluid connectivity to the well with respect to time. 
     
     
       14. The method of  claim 1  further comprising determining spatial variation of fracture conductivity or change in the spatial variation with respect to time. 
     
     
       15. The method of  claim 1  further comprising determining proppant spatial distribution or proppant change in the spatial distribution with respect to time. 
     
     
       16. The method of  claim 1  further comprising determining drainage volume or change in drainage volume with respect to time. 
     
     
       17. The method of  claim 1  further comprising determining fracture complexity or change in fracture complexity with respect to time. 
     
     
       18. The method of  claim 1  wherein the at least one of the value and the change in the value with respect to time is determined from at least one of reflection time, reflection phase and reflection amplitude. 
     
     
       19. The method of  claim 1  wherein the value and the change in the value with respect to time is determined from at least one of frequency, quality factor and amplitude of a resonance. 
     
     
       20. The method of  claim 1  wherein the measuring at least one of pressure and a time derivative of pressure is performed at a location proximate a wellhead.