USRE50282EActiveUtility

Specific modification of antibody with IgG-binding peptide

59
Assignee: UNIV KAGOSHIMAPriority: May 20, 2015Filed: May 20, 2016Granted: Jan 28, 2025
Est. expiryMay 20, 2035(~8.9 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Yuji Ito
A61K 38/00A61K 47/64C07K 19/00C07K 16/00A61K 39/395A61K 47/62C07K 14/4748C07K 2319/00C07K 7/08A61K 47/68A61K 47/68031A61K 47/68033
59
PatentIndex Score
0
Cited by
40
References
41
Claims

Abstract

This invention relates to an IgG-binding peptide, an IgG-binding peptide modified with a cross-linking agent, a conjugate of the IgG-binding peptide modified with a cross-linking agent and IgG, and a method for producing the conjugate, etc.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of the following formula (I): (X) 1-3 -C-(X) 2 -H-Xaa1-G-Xaa2-L-V-W-C-(X) 1-3  (SEQ ID NO: 43) (I), wherein each X is independently any amino acid residue other than cysteine, C is a cysteine residue, H is a histidine residue, Xaa1 is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid, wherein Xaa1 is modified with a cross-linking agent, G is a glycine residue, Xaa2 is a glutamic acid residue or an asparagine residue, L is a leucine residue, V is a valine residue, and W is a tryptophan residue, wherein the peptide is 13 to 17 amino acid residues in length; and wherein the peptide exhibits the activity of binding to human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or rabbit IgG, and optionally wherein the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the N-terminus of formula (I) and the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the C-terminus of formula (I) are linked via a linker. 
     
     
       2. The peptide according to  claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the following formula (II): (X) 1-3 -C-Xaa3-Xaa4-H-Xaa1-G-Xaa2-L-V-W-C-(X) 1-3  (SEQ ID NO: 44) (II), wherein each X is independently any amino acid residue other than cysteine, C is a cysteine residue, H is a histidine residue, Xaa1 is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid, G is a glycine residue, Xaa2 is a glutamic acid residue or an asparagine residue, L is a leucine residue, V is a valine residue, W is a tryptophan residue, Xaa3 is an alanine residue, a serine residue or a threonine residue, and Xaa4 is a tyrosine residue or a tryptophan residue. 
     
     
       3. The peptide according to  claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the following formula (III): (X) 1-3 -C-A-Y-H-Xaa1-G-E-L-V-W-C-(X) 1-3  (SEQ ID NO: 45) (III) wherein each X is independently any amino acid residue other than cysteine, C is a cysteine residue, A is an alanine residue, Y is a tyrosine residue, H is a histidine residue, Xaa1 is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid, G is a glycine residue, E is a glutamic acid residue, L is a leucine residue, V is a valine residue, and W is a tryptophan residue. 
     
     
       4. The peptide according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the peptide is 17 amino acid residues in length, and wherein the amino acid residues from the 1st to 3rd and the 15th to 17th positions from the N terminus of formula (I) are each as follows: 
 the 1st amino acid residue is S, G, F or absent, 
 the 2nd amino acid residue is D, G, A, S, P, homocysteine, or absent, 
 the 3rd amino acid residue is S, D, T, N, E or R, 
 the 15th amino acid residue is S, T or D, 
 the 16th amino acid residue is H, G, Y, T, N, D, F, homocysteine, or absent, and 
 the 17th amino acid residue is Y, F, H, M or absent. 
 
     
     
       5. The peptide according to  claim 1 , wherein the peptide consists of any one of the following amino acid sequences 1) to 15): 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   1) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 1) 
                 
                     
                   DCAYHXaa1GELVWCT, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   2) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYHXaa1GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   3) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 3) 
                 
                     
                   RCAYHXaa1GELVWCS, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   4) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
                 
                     
                   GPRCAYHXaa1GELVWCSFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   5) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 5) 
                 
                     
                   SPDCAYHXaa1GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   6) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
                 
                     
                   GDDCAYHXaa1GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   7) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 7) 
                 
                     
                   GPSCAYHXaa1GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   8) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 8) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYHXaa1GELVWCSFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   9) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 9) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYHXaa1GELVWCTHH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   10) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 10) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYHXaa1GELVWCTFY, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   11) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 11) 
                 
                     
                   SPDCAYHXaa1GELVWCTFY, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   12) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 12) 
                 
                     
                   SDDCAYHXaa1GELVWCTFY, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   13) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
                 
                     
                   RGNCAYHXaa1GQLVWCTYH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   14) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 36) 
                 
                     
                   GXaa2DCAYHXaa1GELVWCTXaa2H, 
                 
                     
                   and 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   15) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 37) 
                 
                     
                   RRGPDCAYHXaa1GELVWCTFH, 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         wherein Xaa1 is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid, and Xaa2 is homocysteine. 
       
     
     
       6. The peptide according to  claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the following formula (IV): D-C-Xaa3-Xaa4-H-Xaa1-G-Xaa2-L-V-W-C-T (SEQ ID NO: 46) (IV), wherein D is an aspartic acid residue, C is a cysteine residue, H is a histidine residue, Xaa1 is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid, G is a glycine residue, Xaa2 is a glutamic acid residue or an asparagine residue, L is a leucine residue, V is a valine residue, W is a tryptophan residue, T is a threonine residue, Xaa3 is an alanine residue or a threonine residue, and Xaa4 is a tyrosine residue or a tryptophan residue. 
     
     
       7. The peptide according to  claim 6 , wherein the peptide consists of any one of the following amino acid sequences 1) to 4): 
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   1) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 14) 
                 
                     
                   DCTYHXaa1GNLVWCT, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   2) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 15) 
                 
                     
                   DCAYHXaa1GNLVWCT, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   3) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 16) 
                 
                     
                   DCTYHXaa1GELVWCT, 
                 
                     
                   and 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   4) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 17) 
                 
                     
                   DCAWHXaa1GELVWCT, 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         wherein Xaa1 is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid. 
       
     
     
       8. The peptide according to  claim 1 , wherein the peptide has a disulfide bond formed between the two cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the N-terminus of formula (I) and the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the C-terminus of formula (I), or the sulfide groups in the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the N-terminus of formula (I) and the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the C-terminus of formula (I) are linked via a linker represented by the following formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
       9. The peptide according to  claim 1 , wherein the peptide is labeled with a labeling agent. 
     
     
       10. The peptide according to  claim 1 , wherein the peptide is bound with a drug. 
     
     
       11. The peptide according to  claim 1 , wherein Xaa1 is a lysine residue. 
     
     
       12. The peptide according to  claim 1 , wherein Xaa1 is modified with a cross-linking agent. 
     
     
       13. The peptide according to claim  12   1 , wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of DSG (disuccinimidyl glutarate), DSS (disuccinimidyl suberate), DMA (dimethyl adipimidate dihydrochloride), DMP (dimethyl pimelimidate dihydrochloride), DMS (dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride), DTBP (dimethyl 3,3′-dithiobispropionimidate dihydrochloride), and DSP (dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate)). 
     
     
       14. The peptide according to claim  13   1 , wherein the cross-linking agent is DSG (disuccinimidyl glutarate) or DSS (disuccinimidyl suberate). 
     
     
       15. A peptide comprising the amino acid sequence of the following formula (V): D-C-Xaa2-Xaa3-Xaa4-Xaa1-G-Xaa5-L-Xaa6-W-C-T (SEQ ID NO: 47) (V), wherein D is an aspartic acid residue, C is a cysteine residue, G is a glycine residue, L is a leucine residue, W is a tryptophan residue, T is a threonine residue, Xaa1 is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid, wherein Xaa1 is modified with a cross-linking agent, Xaa2 is an alanine residue, a serine residue or a threonine residue, Xaa3 is a tryptophan residue or a tyrosine residue, Xaa4 is a histidine residue, an arginine residue, a serine residue or a threonine residue, Xaa5 is a glutamic acid residue, an asparagine residue, an arginine residue, or an aspartic acid residue, and Xaa6 is an isoleucine residue or a valine residue, wherein the peptide is 13 amino acid residues in length; and wherein the peptide exhibits the activity of binding to human IgG and/or rabbit IgG. 
     
     
       16. A conjugate comprising the peptide according to claim  12   1 and IgG, wherein the conjugate is formed through a cross-linking reaction of the modified peptide and the IgG. 
     
     
       17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the peptide according to  claim 1  or a conjugate comprising the peptide according to  claim 1  and IgG, wherein Xaa1 in the peptide of the conjugate is modified with a cross-linking agent, and wherein the conjugate is formed through a cross-linking reaction of the modified peptide and the IgG. 
     
     
       18. A method for producing the conjugate according to  claim 16 , wherein the method comprises: (a) modifying Xaa1 in the peptide with a cross-linking agent, and (b) mixing the modified peptide with IgG to cross-link the modified peptide and the IgG. 
     
     
       19. A method for producing a peptide having two or more cysteine residues linked via a linker, wherein the method comprises mixing the peptide according to  claim 1  a peptide with a compound represented by the following formula: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  and R 2  are each independently any halogen atom, to obtain a peptide in which sulfide groups in the two or more cysteine residues are linked via a linker represented by the following formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the following formula (I):
   (X) 1-3 -C-(X) 2 -H-Xaa1-G-Xaa2-L-V-W-C-(X) 1-3  (SEQ ID NO: 43)   (I)
   
         wherein
 each X is independently any amino acid residue other than cysteine, 
 C is a cysteine residue, 
 H is a histidine residue, 
 Xaa1 is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, an aspartic acid residue, a glutamic acid residue, 2-aminosuberic acid, or diaminopropionic acid, 
 G is a glycine residue, 
 Xaa2 is a glutamic acid residue or an asparagine residue, 
 L is a leucine residue, 
 V is a valine residue, and 
 W is a tryptophan residue, 
 
         wherein the peptide is 13 to 17 amino acid residues in length; wherein the peptide exhibits the activity of binding to human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or rabbit IgG, and optionally wherein the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the N-terminus of formula (I) and the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the C-terminus of formula (I) are linked via a linker. 
       
     
     
       20. The method according to  claim 19 , wherein R 1  and R 2  in the compound are the same and are Cl, Br, or I. 
     
     
       21. The conjugate of  claim 16 , wherein Xaa1 of the peptide is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, or diaminopropionic acid.  
     
     
       22. The conjugate of  claim 21 , wherein the peptide is labeled with a chelate complex of a radioisotope metal ion.  
     
     
       23. The conjugate according to  claim 22 , wherein the chelate complex is a chelate complex of DOTA.  
     
     
       24. The conjugate according to  claim 23 , wherein the labeling of the peptide by the radioisotope is formed through the reaction between an azide group and dibenzocyclooctyne.  
     
     
       25. The conjugate according to  claim 22 , wherein the IgG is an anti-HER2 human IgG antibody.  
     
     
       26. The conjugate according to  claim 24 , wherein the IgG is an anti-HER2 human IgG antibody.  
     
     
       27. The conjugate according to  claim 22 , wherein the peptide is selected from the group following (i) to (v):
 (i) the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the following formula (II): (X) 1-3 -C-Xaa3-Xaa4-H-Xaa1-G-Xaa2-L-V-W-C-(X) 1-3  (II) (SEQ ID NO: 44), wherein each X is independently any amino acid residue other than cysteine, C is a cysteine residue, H is a histidine residue, G is a glycine residue, Xaa2 is a glutamic acid residue or an asparagine residue, L is a leucine residue, V is a valine residue, W is a tryptophan residue, Xaa3 is an alanine residue, a serine residue or a threonine residue, and Xaa4 is a tyrosine residue or a tryptophan residue;   (ii) the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the following formula (III): (X) 1-3 -C-A-Y-H-Xaa1-G-E-L-V-W-C-(X) 1-3  (III) (SEQ ID NO: 45), wherein each X is independently any amino acid residue other than cysteine, C is a cysteine residue, A is an alanine residue, Y is a tyrosine residue, H is a histidine residue, G is a glycine residue, E is a glutamic acid residue, L is a leucine residue, V is a valine residue, and W is a tryptophan residue;   (iii) the amino acid residues from the 1st to 3rd and the 15th to 17th positions of formula (I) are each as follows: the 1st amino acid residue is S, G, F or absent, the 2nd amino acid residue is D, G, A, S, P, homocysteine, or absent, the 3rd amino acid residue is S, D, T, N, E or R, the 15th amino acid residue is S, T or D, the 16th amino acid residue is H, G, Y, T, N, D, F, homocysteine, or absent, and the 17th amino acid residue is Y, F, H, M or absent;   (iv) the peptide consists of any one of the following amino acid sequences 1) to 15):   
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   1) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 1) 
                 
                     
                   DCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCT, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   2) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   3) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 3) 
                 
                     
                   RCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCS, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   4) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
                 
                     
                   GPRCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCSFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   5) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 5) 
                 
                     
                   SPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   6) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
                 
                     
                   GDDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   7) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 7) 
                 
                     
                   GPSCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   8) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 8) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCSFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   9) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 9) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTHH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   10) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 10) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFY, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   11) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 11) 
                 
                     
                   SPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFY, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   12) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 12) 
                 
                     
                   SDDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFY, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   13) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
                 
                     
                   RGNCAYH(Xaa1)GQLVWCTYH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   14) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 36) 
                 
                     
                   GXaa2DCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTXaa2H, 
                 
                     
                   and 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   15) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 37) 
                 
                     
                   RRGPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFH; 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         (v) the peptide defined in any of (i) to (iv) has a disulfide bond formed between the two cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the N-terminus of the peptide and the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the C-terminus of the peptide, or the sulfide groups in the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the N-terminus of the peptide and the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the C-terminus of the peptide are linked via a linker represented by the following formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and Xaa1 of the peptide is a lysine residue, a cysteine residue, or diaminopropionic acid and is modified with a cross-linking agent.  
       
     
     
       28. The conjugate according to  claim 22 , wherein Xaa1 is a lysine residue.  
     
     
       29. The conjugate according to  claim 28 , wherein the chelate complex is a chelate complex of DOTA.  
     
     
       30. The conjugate according to  claim 29 , wherein the labeling of the peptide by the radioisotope is formed through the reaction between an azide group and dibenzocyclooctyne.  
     
     
       31. The conjugate according to  claim 28 , wherein the IgG is an anti-HER2 human IgG antibody.  
     
     
       32. The conjugate according to  claim 30 , wherein the IgG is an anti-HER2 human IgG antibody.  
     
     
       33. The conjugate according to  claim 22 , wherein the conjugate has a cross-linking structure formed between the Xaa1 residue of the peptide and IgG Fc.  
     
     
       34. The conjugate according to  claim 22 , wherein the conjugate has a cross-linking structure formed between the Xaa1 residue of the peptide and Lys248 or Lys246 according to the EU numbering in the IgG Fc.  
     
     
       35. The conjugate according to  claim 22 , the cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of DSG (disuccinimidyl glutarate), DSS (disuccinimidyl suberate), DMA (dimethyl adipimidate dihydrochloride), DMP (dimethyl pimelimidate dihydrochloride), DMS (dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride), DTBP (dimethyl 3,3′-dithiobispropionimidate dihydrochloride), and DSP (dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate).  
     
     
       36. The conjugate according to  claim 35 , the cross-linking agent is DSG (disuccinimidyl glutarate) or DSS (disuccinimidyl suberate).  
     
     
       37. The conjugate according to  claim 36 , wherein the chelate complex is a chelate complex of DOTA.  
     
     
       38. The conjugate according to  claim 37 , wherein the labeling of the peptide by the radioisotope is formed through the reaction between an azide group and dibenzocyclooctyne.  
     
     
       39. The conjugate according to  claim 36 , wherein the IgG is an anti-HER2 human IgG antibody.  
     
     
       40. The conjugate according to  claim 38 , wherein the IgG is an anti-HER2 human IgG antibody.  
     
     
       41. The conjugate according to  claim 36 , wherein the peptide is selected from the group following (i) to (v):
 (i) the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the following formula (II): (X) 1-3 -C-Xaa3-Xaa4-H-Xaa1-G-Xaa2-L-V-W-C-(X) 1-3  (II) (SEQ ID NO: 44), wherein each X is independently any amino acid residue other than cysteine, C is a cysteine residue, H is a histidine residue, G is a glycine residue, Xaa2 is a glutamic acid residue or an asparagine residue, L is a leucine residue, V is a valine residue, W is a tryptophan residue,   Xaa3 is an alanine residue, a serine residue or a threonine residue, and Xaa4 is a tyrosine residue or a tryptophan residue;   (ii) the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence of the following formula (III): (X) 1-3 -C-A-Y-H-Xaa1-G-E-L-V-W-C-(X) 1-3  (III) (SEQ ID NO: 45), wherein each X is independently any amino acid residue other than cysteine, C is a cysteine residue, A is an alanine residue, Y is a tyrosine residue, H is a histidine residue, G is a glycine residue, E is a glutamic acid residue, L is a leucine residue, V is a valine residue, and W is a tryptophan residue;   (iii) the amino acid residues from the 1st to 3rd and the 15th to 17th positions of formula (I) are each as follows: the 1st amino acid residue is S, G, F or absent, the 2nd amino acid residue is D, G, A, S, P, homocysteine, or absent, the 3rd amino acid residue is S, D, T, N, E or R, the 15th amino acid residue is S, T or D, the 16th amino acid residue is H, G, Y, T, N, D, F, homocysteine, or absent, and the 17th amino acid residue is Y, F, H, M or absent;   (iv) the peptide consists of any one of the following amino acid sequences 1) to 15):   
       
         
           
                 
                 
               
                     
                   1) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 1) 
                 
                     
                   DCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCT, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   2) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 2) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   3) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 3) 
                 
                     
                   RCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCS, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   4) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 4) 
                 
                     
                   GPRCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCSFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   5) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 5) 
                 
                     
                   SPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   6) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 6) 
                 
                     
                   GDDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   7) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 7) 
                 
                     
                   GPSCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   8) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 8) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCSFH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   9) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 9) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTHH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   10) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 10) 
                 
                     
                   GPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFY, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   11) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 11) 
                 
                     
                   SPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFY, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   12) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 12) 
                 
                     
                   SDDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFY, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   13) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 13) 
                 
                     
                   RGNCAYH(Xaa1)GQLVWCTYH, 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   14) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 36) 
                 
                     
                   GXaa2DCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTXaa2H, 
                 
                     
                   and 
                 
                     
                 
                     
                   15) 
                 
                     
                   (SEQ ID NO: 37) 
                 
                     
                   RRGPDCAYH(Xaa1)GELVWCTFH; 
                 
             
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         (v) the peptide defined in any of (i) to (iv) has a disulfide bond formed between the two cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the N-terminus of the peptide and the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the C-terminus of the peptide, or the sulfide groups in the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the N-terminus of the peptide and the cysteine residue that is between two to four amino acids from the C-terminus of the peptide are linked via a linker represented by the following formula: 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and Xaa1 of the peptide is a lysine residue and is modified with a cross-linking agent.

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