US2006276642A1PendingUtilityA1

Compounds to treat Alzheimer's disease

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Assignee: ELAN PHARM INCPriority: Mar 23, 2000Filed: Apr 17, 2006Published: Dec 7, 2006
Est. expiryMar 23, 2020(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
A61P 43/00C07K 7/02C07D 295/185C07D 295/13C07K 5/0207C07B 2200/07C07C 271/18C07C 2601/14A61P 25/28A61P 25/16C07D 307/33A61K 38/00C07C 271/14C07D 307/52C07C 2603/74C07C 271/22C07C 237/22C07D 261/20C07D 307/14
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Claims

Abstract

The present invention is directed toward substituted hydroxyethylene compounds of formula (XII) useful in treating Alzheimer's disease and other similar diseases.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A hydroxyethylene compound of the formula  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       Where R 1  is: 
 (I) C 1 -C 6  alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three C 1 -C 3  alkyl, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —OH, —NH 2 , —C≡N, —CF 3 , or —N 3 ,  
 (II) —(CH 2 ) 1-2 —S—CH 3 ,  
 (III) —CH 2 —CH 2 —S—CH 3 ,  
 (IV) —CH 2 —(C 2 -C 6  alkenyl) unsubstituted or substituted by one —F,  
 (V) —(CH 2 ) 0-3 —(R 1-aryl ) where R 1-aryl  is phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, indanyl, indenyl, dihydronaphthyl, tetralinyl unsubstituted or substituted on the aryl ring with one or two of the following substituents which can be the same or different: 
 (A) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (B) —CF 3 ,  
 (C) —F, Cl, —Br and —I,  
 (D) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (E) —O—CF 3 ,  
 (F) —NH 2 ,  
 (G) —OH, or  
 (H) —C≡N,  
 
 (VI) —(CH 2 ) n1-(R   1-heteroaryl ) where n 1  is 0, 1, 2, or 3 and R 1-heteroaryl  is: 
 (A) pyridinyl,  
 (B) pyrimidinyl,  
 (C) quinolinyl,  
 (D) indenyl,  
 (E) indanyl,  
 (F) benzothiophenyl,  
 (G) indolyl,  
 (H) indolinyl,  
 (I) pyridazinyl,  
 (J) pyrazinyl,  
 (K) isoindolyl,  
 (L) isoquinolyl,  
 (M) quinazolinyl,  
 (N) quinoxalinyl,  
 (O) phthalazinyl,  
 (P) imidazolyl,  
 (Q) isoxazolyl,  
 (R) pyrazolyl,  
 (S) oxazolyl,  
 (T) thiazolyl,  
 (U) indolizinyl,  
 (V) indazolyl,  
 (W) benzothiazolyl,  
 (X) benzimidazolyl,  
 (Y) benzofuranyl,  
 (Z) furanyl,  
 (AA) thienyl,  
 (BB) pyrrolyl,  
 (CC) oxadiazolyl,  
 (DD) thiadiazolyl,  
 (EE) triazolyl,  
 (FF) tetrazolyl,  
 (GG) 1,4-benzodioxan  
 (HH) purinyl,  
 (II) oxazolopyridinyl,  
 (JJ) imidazopyridinyl,  
 (KK) isothiazolyl,  
 (LL) naphthyridinyl,  
 (MM) cinnolinyl,  
 (NN) carbazolyl,  
 (OO) β-carbolinyl,  
 (PP) isochromanyl,  
 (QQ) chromanyl,  
 (RR) furazanyl,  
 (SS) tetrahydroisoquinoline,  
 (TT) isoindolinyl,  
 (UU) isobenzotetrahydrofuranyl,  
 (VV) isobenzotetrahydrothienyl,  
 (WW) isobenzothiophenyl,  
 (XX) benzoxazolyl, or  
 (YY) pyridopyridinyl,  
  where the R 1-heteroaryl  group is bonded to —(CH 2 ) 0-3 — by any ring atom of the parent R N-heteroaryl  group substituted by hydrogen such that the new bond to the R 1-heteroaryl  group replaces the hydrogen atom and its bond, where heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two: 
 (1) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (2) —CF 3 ,  
 (3) —F, Cl, —Br, or —I,  
 (4) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (5) —O—CF 3 ,  
 (6) —NH 2 ,  
 (7) —OH, or  
 (8) —C≡N,  
 with the proviso that when n 1  is zero R 1-heteroaryl  is not bonded to the carbon chain by nitrogen, or  
 
 
 
       (VII) —(CH 2 ) n1 —(R 1-heterocycle ) where n 1  is as defined above and 
 R 1-heterocycle  is 
 (A) morpholinyl,  
 (B) thiomorpholinyl,  
 (C) thiomorpholinyl S-oxide,  
 (D) thiomorpholinyl S,S-dioxide,  
 (E) piperazinyl,  
 (F) homopiperazinyl,  
 (G) pyrrolidinyl,  
 (H) pyrrolinyl,  
 (I) tetrahydropyranyl,  
 (J) piperidinyl,  
 (K) tetrahydrofuranyl, or  
 (L) tetrahydrothiophenyl,  
  where the R 1-heterocycle  group is bonded by any atom of the parent R 1-heterocycle  group substituted by hydrogen such that the new bond to the R 1-heteroaryl  group replaces the hydrogen atom and its bond, where heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two: 
 (1) ═O,  
 (2) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (3) —CF 3 ,  
 (4) —F, Cl, —Br and —I,  
 (5) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (6) —O—CF 3 ,  
 (7) —NH 2 ,  
 (8) —OH, or  
 (9) —C≡N,  
 with the proviso that when n 1  is zero R 1-heterocycle  is not bonded to the carbon chain by nitrogen;  
 
 
 
       where R 2  is: 
 (I) —H,  
 (II) C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or  
 (III) —(CH 2 ) 0-4 —R 2-1  where R 2-1  is (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, R 1-aryl  or R 1-heteroaryl  where R 1-aryl  and R 1-heteroaryl  are as defined above,  
 
       where R N  is: 
 (I) R N-1 —X N — where X N  is: 
 (A) —CO—,  
 (B) —SO 2 —,  
 (C) —(CR′R″) 1-6  where R 1  and R″ are the same or different and are —H or C 1 -C 4  alkyl,  
 (D) —CO—(CR′R″) 1-6 —X N-1  where X N-1  is —O—, —S— and —NR′R″— and where R′ and R″ are as defined above,  
 (E) a single bond;  
 
 
       where R N-1  is: 
 (A) R N-aryl  where R N-aryl  is phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three or four of the following substituents which can be the same or different and are: 
 (1) C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (2) —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I,  
 (3) —OH,  
 (4) —NO 2 ,  
 (5) —CO—OH,  
 (6) —C≡N,  
 (7) —CO—NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are: 
 (a) —H,  
 (b) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one  
  (i) —OH, or  
  (ii) —NH 2 ,  
 (c) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one to three —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I,  
 (d) —C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl,  
 (e) —(C 1 -C 2  alkyl)-(C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl),  
 (f) —(C 1 -C 6  alkyl)-O—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl),  
 (g) —C 1 -C 6  alkenyl with one or two double bonds,  
 (h) —C 1 -C 6  alkynyl with one or two triple bonds,  
 (i) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl chain with one double bond and one triple bond,  
 (j) —R 1-aryl  where R 1-aryl  is as defined above, or  
 (k) —R 1-heteroaryl  where R 1-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 
 (8) —CO—(C 3 -C 12  alkyl),  
 (9) —CO—(C 3 -C 6  cycloalkyl),  
 (10) —CO—R 1-heteroaryl  where R 1-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (11) —CO—R 1-heterocycle  where R 1-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (12) —CO—R N-4  where R N-4  is morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl where each group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (13) —CO—O—R N-5  where R N-5  is: 
 (a) C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or  
 (b) —(CH 2 ) 0-2 —(R 1-aryl ) where R 1-aryl  is as defined above,  
 
 (14) —SO 2 —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are as defined above,  
 (15) —SO—(C 1 -C 8  alkyl),  
 (16) —SO 2  (C 3 -C 12  alkyl),  
 (17) —NH—CO—O—R N-5  where R N-5  is as defined above,  
 (18) —NH—CO—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (19) —N—CS—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2,  
 (20) —N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl)-CO—R N-5  where R N-5  is as defined above,  
 (21) —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  can be the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (22) —R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (23) —O—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (24) —O—CO—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (25) —O—CS—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2,  
 (26) —O—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (27) —O—(C 2 -C 5  alkyl)-COOH,  
 (28) —S—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (29) C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 —F,  
 (30) —O—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 —F, or  
 (31) —O-φ,  
 
 (B) —R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is: 
 (A) pyridinyl,  
 (B) pyrimidinyl,  
 (C) quinolinyl,  
 (D) indenyl,  
 (E) indanyl,  
 (F) benzothiophenyl,  
 (G) indolyl,  
 (H) indolinyl,  
 (I) pyridazinyl,  
 (J) pyrazinyl,  
 (K) isoindolyl,  
 (L) isoquinolyl,  
 (M) quinazolinyl,  
 (N) quinoxalinyl,  
 (O) phthalazinyl,  
 (P) imidazolyl,  
 (Q) isoxazolyl,  
 (R) pyrazolyl,  
 (S) oxazolyl,  
 (T) thiazolyl,  
 (U) indolizinyl,  
 (V) indazolyl,  
 (W) benzothiazolyl,  
 (X) benzimidazolyl,  
 (Y) benzofuranyl,  
 (Z) furanyl,  
 (AA) thienyl,  
 (BB) pyrrolyl,  
 (CC) oxadiazolyl,  
 (DD) thiadiazolyl,  
 (EE) triazolyl,  
 (FF) tetrazolyl,  
 (GG) 1,4-benzodioxan  
 (HH) purinyl,  
 (II) oxazolopyridinyl,  
 (JJ) imidazopyridinyl,  
 (KK) isothiazolyl,  
 (LL) naphthyridinyl,  
 (MM) cinnolinyl,  
 (NN) carbazolyl,  
 (OO) β-carbolinyl,  
 (PP) isochromanyl,  
 (QQ) chromanyl,  
 (RR) furazanyl,  
 (SS) tetrahydroisoquinoline,  
 (TT) isoindolinyl,  
 (UU) isobenzotetrahydrofuranyl,  
 (VV) isobenzotetrahydrothienyl,  
 (WW) isobenzothiophenyl,  
 (XX) benzoxazolyl, or  
 (YY) pyridopyridinyl,  
  where the R N-heteroaryl  group is bonded by any atom of the parent R N-heteroaryl  group substituted by hydrogen such that the new bond to the R N-heteroaryl  group replaces the hydrogen atom and its bond, where heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two: 
 (1) C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (2) —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I,  
 (3) —OH,  
 (4) —NO 2 ,  
 (5) —CO—OH,  
 (6) —C≡N,  
 (7) —CO—NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are:  
  (a) —H,  
  (b) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one  
  (i) —OH, or  
  (ii) —NH 2 ,  
 (c) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I,  
  (d) —C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl,  
  (e) —(C 1 -C 2  alkyl)-(C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl),  
  (f) —(C 1 -C 6  alkyl)-O—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl),  
  (g) —C 1 -C 6  alkenyl with one or two double bonds,  
  (h) —C 1 -C 6  alkynyl with one or two triple bonds,  
  (i) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl chain with one double bond and one triple bond,  
  (j) —R 1-aryl  where R 1-aryl  is as defined above, or  
  (k) —R 1-heteroaryl  where R 1-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (8) —CO—(C 3 -C 12  alkyl),  
 (9) —CO—(C 3 -C 6  cycloalkyl),  
 (10) —CO—R 1-heteroaryl  where R 1-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (11) —CO—R 1-heterocycle  where R 1-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (12) —CO—R N-4  where R N-4  is morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl where each group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (13) —CO—O—R N-5  where R N-5  is:  
  (a) C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or  
  (b) —(CH 2 ) 0-2 —(R 1-aryl ) where R 1-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (14) —SO 2 —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are as defined above,  
 (15) —SO—(C 1 -C 8  alkyl),  
 (16) —SO 2 —(C 3 -C 12  alkyl),  
 (17) —NH—CO—O—R N-5  where R N-5  is as defined above,  
 (18) —NH—CO—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (19) —N—CS—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (20) —N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl)-CO—R N-5  where R N-5  is as defined above,  
 (21) —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  can be the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (22) —R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (23) —O—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (24) —O—CO—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (25) —O—CS—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (26) —O—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (27) —O—(C 2 -C 5  alkyl)-COOH, or  
 (28) —S—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 
 (C) —R N-aryl —R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (D) —R N-aryl —R N-heteroaryl  where —R N-aryl  and R N-heteroaryl  are as defined above,  
 (E) —R N-heteroaryl —R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  and —R N-heteroaryl  are as defined above,  
 (F) —R N-heteroaryl —R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (G) —R N-aryl —O—R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (H) —R N-aryl —S—R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (I) —R N-heteroaryl —O—R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (J) —R N-heteroaryl —S—R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (K) —R N-aryl —CO—R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (L) —R N-aryl —CO—R N-heteroaryl  where —R N-aryl  and R N-heteroaryl  are as defined above,  
 (M) —R N-aryl —SO 2 —R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (N) —R N-heteroaryl —CO—R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (O) —R N-heteroaryl —SO 2 —R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (P) —R N-aryl —O(C 1 -C 8  alkyl)-φ where R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (Q) —R N-aryl —S(C 1 -C 8  alkyl)-φ where R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (R) —R N-heteroaryl —O—(C 1 -C 8  alkyl)-φ where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above, or  
 (S) —R N-heteroaryl —S(C 1 -C 8  alkyl)-φ where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 
 
       (II) A-X N — where X N  is —CO—,  
       wherein A is 
 (A) -T-E-(Q) m′ , 
 (1) where -T is  
                     
  where 
 (a) x=1 when y=1 and x=2 when y=0,  
 (b) m is 0, 1, 2 or 3,  
 (c) the values of x and y vary independently on each carbon when m is 2 and 3, and  
 (d) R′″ varies independently on each carbon and is H, (C 1 -C 2 )alkyl, phenyl, or phenyl(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl;  
 
 (2) -E is 
 (a) C 1 -C 5  alkyl, but only if m′ does not equal 0,  
 (b) methylthioxy(C 2 -C 4 )alkyl,  
 (c) an aryl group having 5 to 7 atoms when monocyclic or having 8 to 12 atoms when fused,  
 (d) a heterocyclic group having 5 to 7 atoms when monocyclic or having 8 to 12 atoms when fused,  
 (e) a mono or fused ring cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms,  
 (f) biphenyl,  
 (g) diphenyl ether,  
 (h) diphenylketone,  
 (i) phenyl(C 1 -C 8 )alkyloxyphenyl, or  
 (j) C 1 -C 6  alkoxy;  
 
 (3) -Q is 
 (a) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (b) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (c) C 1 -C 3  alkylthioxy,  
 (d) C 1 -C 6  alkylacylamino,  
 (e) C 1 -C 6  alkylacyloxy,  
 (f) amido (including primary, C 1 -C 6  alkyl and phenyl secondary and tertiary amino moieties),  
 (g) C 1 -C 6  alkylamino  
 (h) phenylamino,  
 (i) carbamyl (including C 1 -C 6 alkyl and phenyl amides and esters),  
 (j) carboxyl (including C 1 -C 6 alkyl and phenyl esters),  
 (k) carboxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkoxy,  
 (l) carboxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkylthioxy,  
 (m) heterocyclylacyl,  
 (n) heteroarylacyl, or  
 (o) hydroxyl;  
 
 (4) m′ is 0, 1, 2 or 3;  
 
 (B) -E(Q) m″  wherein E and -Q are as defined as above and m″ is 0, 1, 2, or 3;  
 (C) -T-E wherein -E and -Q are as defined as above; or  
 (D) -E wherein -E is as defined as above;  
 
       (III) —CO—(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) where alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two: 
 (A) —OH,  
 (B) —C 1 -C 6  alkoxy,  
 (C) —C 1 -C 6  thioalkoxy,  
 (D) —CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is —H, C 1 -C 6  alkyl or -φ,  
 (E) —CO—NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (F) —CO—R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (G) —SO 2 —(C 1 -C 8  alkyl),  
 (H) —SO 2 —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (I) —NH—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (J) —NH—CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is as defined above,  
 (K) —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (L) —R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (M) —O—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (N) —O—CO—NR N-8 R N-8  where the R N-8  is the same or different and are as defined above, or  
 (O) —O—(C 1 -C 5  alkyl)-COOH,  
 
       (IV) —CO—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl)-O—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) where alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two 
 (A) —OH,  
 (B) —C 1 -C 6  alkoxy,  
 (C) —C 1 -C 6  thioalkoxy,  
 (D) —CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is —H, C 1 -C 6  alkyl or -φ,—(P,  
 (E) —CO—NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (F) —CO—R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (G) —SO 2 —(C 1 -C 8  alkyl),  
 (H) —SO 2 —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (I) —NH—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (J) —NH—CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is as defined above,  
 (K) —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (L) —R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (M) —O—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (N) —O—CO—NR N-8 R N-8  where the R N-8  are the same or different and are as defined above, or  
 (O) —O—(C 1 -C 5  alkyl)-COOH,  
 
       (V) —CO—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl)-S—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) where alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two 
 (A) —OH,  
 (B) —C 1 -C 6  alkoxy,  
 (C) —C 1 -C 6  thioalkoxy,  
 (D) —CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is —H, C 1 -C 6  alkyl or -φ,—(P,  
 (E) —CO—NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (F) —CO—R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (G) —SO 2 —(C 1 -C 8  alkyl),  
 (H) —SO 2 —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (I) —NH—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (J) —NH—CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is as defined above,  
 (K) —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (L) —R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (M) —O—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (N) —O—CO—NR N-8 R N-8  where the R N-8  are the same or different and are as defined above, or  
 (O) —O—(C 1 -C 5  alkyl)-COOH,  
 
       (VI) —CO—CH(—(CH 2 ) 0-2 —O—R N-0 )—(CH 2 ) 0-2 —R N-aryl /R N-heteroaryl ) where R N-aryl  and R N-heteroaryl  are as defined above, where R N-10  is: 
 (A) —H,  
 (B) C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (C) C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl,  
 (D) C 2 -C 6  alkenyl with one double bond,  
 (E) C 2 -C 6  alkynyl with one triple bond,  
 (F) R 1-aryl  where R 1-aryl  is as defined above, or  
 (G) R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above;  
 
       where B is —O—, —NH—, or —N(C 1 -C 6  alkyl)-;  
       where R C  is: 
 (I) —(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl-K 1-3  in which: 
 (A) the alkyl chain is unsubstituted or substituted with one —OH,  
 (B) the alkyl chain is unsubstituted or substituted with one C 1 -C 6  alkoxy unsubstituted or substituted with 1-5 —F,  
 (C) the alkyl chain is unsubstituted or substituted with one —O-φ 
 (D) the alkyl chain is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-5 —F,  
 (E) the alkyl chain is unsubstituted or substituted with a combination of up to three atoms of oxygen and sulfur each such atom replacing one carbon,  
 (F) each K is: 
 (1) H,  
 (2) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (3) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (4) C 1 -C 3  alkylthioxy,  
 (5) C 1 -C 6  alkylacylamino,  
 (6) C 1 -C 6  alkylacyloxy,  
 (7) amido  
 (8) C 1 -C 6  alkylamino  
 (9) phenylamino,  
 (10) carbamyl  
 (11) carboxyl  
 (12) carboxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkoxy,  
 (13) carboxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkylthioxy,  
 (14) heterocyclylacyl,  
 (15) heteroarylacyl,  
 (16) amino unsubstituted or substituted with C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (17) hydroxyl, or  
 (18) carboxylmethyl ester;  
 
 
 (II) —(CH 2 ) 0-3 -J-[(—(CH 2 ) 0-3 —K] 1-3  where K is as defined above and J is:  
 (A) a 5 to 7 atom monocyclic aryl group,  
 (B) a 8 to 12 atom multicyclic aryl group,  
 (C) a 5 to 7 atom heterocyclic group,  
 (D) a 8 to 12 atom multicyclic heterocyclic group, or  
 (E) a 5 to 10 atom monocyclic or multicyclic cycloalkyl group;  
 (III) —(CH 2 ) 0-3 —(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl where cycloalkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three 
 (A) C 1 -C 3  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 —F, 
 —Cl, —Br, or —I,  
 
 (B) —CO—OH,  
 (C) —CO—O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl),  
 (D) —OH, or  
 (E) C 1 -C 6  alkoxy,  
 
 (IV) —(CH 2 ) 2-6 —OH,  
 (V) —(CR C-x R C-y ) 0-4 —R C-aryl  where R C-x  and R C-y  are —H, C 1 -C 4  alkyl and φ- and R C-aryl  is the same as R N-aryl ,  
 (VI) —(CH 2 ) 0-4 —R C-heteroaryl  where R C-heteroaryl  is: 
 (A) pyridinyl,  
 (B) pyrimidinyl,  
 (C) quinolinyl,  
 (D) indenyl,  
 (E) indanyl,  
 (F) benzothiophenyl,  
 (G) indolyl,  
 (H) indolinyl,  
 (I) pyridazinyl,  
 (J) pyrazinyl,  
 (K) isoindolyl,  
 (L) isoquinolyl,  
 (M) quinazolinyl,  
 (N) quinoxalinyl,  
 (O) phthalazinyl,  
 (P) isoxazolyl,  
 (Q) pyrazolyl,  
 (R) indolizinyl,  
 (S) indazolyl,  
 (T) benzothiazolyl,  
 (U) benzimidazolyl,  
 (V) benzofuranyl,  
 (W) furanyl,  
 (X) thienyl,  
 (Y) pyrrolyl,  
 (Z) oxadiazolyl,  
 (AA) thiadiazolyl,  
 (BB) triazolyl,  
 (CC) tetrazolyl,  
 (DD) 1,4-benzodioxan  
 (EE) purinyl,  
 (FF) oxazolopyridinyl,  
 (GG) imidazopyridinyl,  
 (HH) isothiazolyl,  
 (II) naphthyridinyl,  
 (JJ) cinnolinyl,  
 (KK) carbazolyl,  
 (LL) β-carbolinyl,  
 (MM) isochromanyl,  
 (NN) chromanyl,  
 (OO) furazanyl,  
 (PP) tetrahydroisoquinoline,  
 (QQ) isoindolinyl,  
 (RR) isobenzotetrahydrofuranyl,  
 (SS) isobenzotetrahydrothienyl,  
 (TT) isobenzothiophenyl,  
 (UU) benzoxazolyl, or  
 (VV) pyridopyridinyl,  
 
 (VII) —(CH 2 ) 0-4 —R C-heterocycle  where R C-heterocycle  is the same as R 1-heterocycle ,  
 (VIII) —C(R C-1 )(R C-2 )—CO—NH—R C-3  where R C-1  and R C-2  are the same or different and are: 
 (A) —H,  
 (B) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (C) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C′-aryl  where R C′-aryl  is as defined above for 
 R 1-aryl  i  
 
 (D) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C-heteroaryl  where R C-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (E) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C-heterocycle  where R C-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (F) —R C-heteroaryl  where R C-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (G) —R C-heterocycle  where R C-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (H) —(CH 2 ) 1-4 —OH,  
 (I) —(CH 2 ) 1-4 —R C-4 —(CH 2 ) 1-4 —R C-aryl  where R C-4  is —O—, S—, —NH— or 
 —NHR C-5 — where R C-5  is C 1 -C 6  alkyl, and where R C′-aryl  is as defined above,  
 
 (J) —(CH 2 ) 1-4 —R C-4 —(CH 2 ) 1-4 —R C-heteroaryl  where R C-4  and R C-heteroaryl  are as defined above, or  
 (K) —R C-aryl  where R C-aryl  is as defined above,  
 
 
       and where R C-3  is: 
 (A) —H,  
 (B) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (C) —R C′-aryl  where R C′-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (D) —R C-heteroaryl  where R C-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (E) —R C-heterocycle  where R C-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (F) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C′-aryl  where R C′-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (G) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C-heteroaryl  where R C-heteroaryl  is as defined above, or  
 (H) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C-heterocycle  where R C-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (IX) —CH(φ) 2 ,  
 (X) -cyclopentyl or -cyclohexyl ring fused to a phenyl or heteroaryl ring where heteroaryl is as defined above and phenyl and heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three: 
 (A) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (B) —CF 3 ,  
 (C) —F, Cl, —Br and —I,  
 (D) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (E) —OCF 3 ,  
 (F) —NH 2 ,  
 (G) —OH, or  
 (H) —C≡N,  
 
 (XI) —CH 2 —C≡CH;  
 (XII) —(CH 2 ) 0-1 —CHR C-5 —(CH 2 ) 0-1 -φ where R C-5  is: 
 (A) —OH, or  
 (B) —CH 2 —OH;  
 
 (XIII) —CH(-φ) —CO—O(C 1 -C 3  alkyl);  
 (XIV) —CH(—CH 2 —OH)—CH(—OH)-φ-NO 2 ;  
 (XV) —(CH 2 ) 2 —O—(CH 2 ) 2 —OH;  
 (XVI) —CH 2 —NH—CH 2 —CH(—O—CH 2 —CH 3 ) 2;  
 (XVII) —(C 2 -C 8 )alkynyl; or  
 (XVIII) —H; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.  
 
     
   
   
       2 - 29 . (canceled)  
   
   
       30 . A compound of the formula  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where R 1  is: 
 (V) —CH 2 -phenyl, where phenyl is substituted with two —F in the 3- and 5-positions giving 3,5-difluorophenyl, or  
 (VI) —(CH 2 ) n1 —(R 1-heteroaryl ), where n1 and R 1-heteroaryl  are as defined above; and  
 
       PROTECTING GROUP is t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, formyl, trityl, phthalimido, trichloroacetyl, chloroacetyl, bromoacetyl, iodoacetyl, 4-phenylbenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylbenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-ethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2,4-dichlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-cyanobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-(4-xenyl)isopropoxycarbonyl, 1,1-diphenyleth-1-yloxycarbonyl, 1,1-diphenylprop-1-yloxycarbonyl, 2-phenylprop-2-yloxycarbonyl, 2-(p-toluyl)prop-2-yloxycarbonyl, cyclopentanyloxycarbonyl, 1-methylcycoopentanyloxycarbonyl, cyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 1-methylcyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylcyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 2-(4-toluylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(triphenylphosphino)ethoxycarbonyl, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, 1-(trimethylsilylmethyl)prop-1-enyloxycarbonyl, 5-benzisoxazoylmethoxycarbonyl, 4-acetoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2-ethynyl-2-propoxycarbonyl, cyclopropylmethoxycarbonyl, 4-(decyloxyl)benzyloxycarbonyl, isobornyloxycarbonyl, -phenyl-C(═N)—H, or 1-piperidyloxycarbonyl.  
     
   
   
       31 - 34 . (canceled)  
   
   
       35 . An epoxide compound of the formula  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where R 1  is: 
 (A) —CH 2 -φ where -φ is substituted with two —F,  
 (B) —(CH 2 ) n1 —R 1-heteroaryl  where n 1  is 0, 1, 2, or 3 and R 1-heteroaryl  is: 
 (A) pyridinyl,  
 (B) pyrimidinyl,  
 (C) quinolinyl,  
 (D) indenyl,  
 (E) indanyl,  
 (F) benzothiophenyl,  
 (G) indolyl,  
 (H) indolinyl,  
 (I) pyridazinyl,  
 (J) pyrazinyl,  
 (K) isoindolyl,  
 (L) isoquinolyl,  
 (M) quinazolinyl,  
 (N) quinoxalinyl,  
 (O) phthalazinyl,  
 (P) imidazolyl,  
 (Q) isoxazolyl,  
 (R) pyrazolyl,  
 (S) oxazolyl,  
 (T) thiazolyl,  
 (U) indolizinyl,  
 (V) indazolyl,  
 (W) benzothiazolyl,  
 (X) benzimidazolyl,  
 (Y) benzofuranyl,  
 (Z) furanyl,  
 (AA) thienyl,  
 (BB) pyrrolyl,  
 (CC) oxadiazolyl,  
 (DD) thiadiazolyl,  
 (EE) triazolyl,  
 (FF) tetrazolyl,  
 (GG) 1,4-benzodioxan  
 (HH) purinyl,  
 (II) oxazolopyridinyl,  
 (JJ) imidazopyridinyl,  
 (KK) isothiazolyl,  
 (LL) naphthyridinyl,  
 (MM) cinnolinyl,  
 (NN) carbazolyl,  
 (OO) β-carbolinyl,  
 (PP) isochromanyl,  
 (QQ) chromanyl,  
 (RR) furazanyl,  
 (SS) tetrahydroisoquinoline,  
 (TT) isoindolinyl,  
 (UU) isobenzotetrahydrofuranyl,  
 (VV) isobenzotetrahydrothienyl,  
 (WW) isobenzothiophenyl,  
 (XX) benzoxazolyl, or  
 (YY) pyridopyridinyl,  
 
 (C) —(CH 2 ) n1 —R 1-heterocycle  where n, is 0, 1, 2, or 3 and R 1  heterocycle is: 
 (A) morpholinyl,  
 (B) thiomorpholinyl,  
 (C) thiomorpholinyl S-oxide,  
 (D) thiomorpholinyl S,S-dioxide,  
 (E) piperazinyl,  
 (F) homopiperazinyl,  
 (G) pyrrolidinyl,  
 (H) pyrrolinyl,  
 (I) tetrahydropyranyl,  
 (J) piperidinyl,  
 (K) tetrahydrofuranyl, or  
 (L) tetrahydrothiophenyl, and  
 
 
       PROTECTING GROUP is t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, formyl, trityl, phthalimido, trichloroacetyl, chloroacetyl, bromoacetyl, iodoacetyl, 4-phenylbenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylbenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-ethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2,4-dichlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-cyanobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-(4-xenyl)isopropoxycarbonyl, 1,1-diphenyleth-1-yloxycarbonyl, 1,1-diphenylprop-1-yloxycarbonyl, 2-phenylprop-2-yloxycarbonyl, 2-(p-toluyl)prop-2-yloxycarbonyl, cyclopentanyloxycarbonyl, 1-methylcycoopentanyloxycarbonyl, cyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 1-methylcyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylcyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 2-(4-toluylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(triphenylphosphino)ethoxycarbonyl, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, 1-(trimethylsilylmethyl)prop-1-enyloxycarbonyl, 5-benzisoxazoylmethoxycarbonyl, 4-acetoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2-ethynyl-2-propoxycarbonyl, cyclopropylmethoxycarbonyl, 4-(decyloxyl)benzyloxycarbonyl, isobornyloxycarbonyl, -phenyl-C(═N)—H, or 1-piperidyloxycarbonyl.  
     
   
   
       36 - 43 . (canceled)  
   
   
       44 . A compound of formula  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where R 1  is: 
 (V) —CH 2 -phenyl, where phenyl is substituted with two —F in the 3- and 5-positions giving 3,5-difluorophenyl, or  
 (VI) —(CH 2 ) n1 —(R 1-heteroaryl ), where n1 and R 1-heteroaryl  are as defined above;  
 
       where R 2  is as defined in  claim 1;  and  
       PROTECTING GROUP is t-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, formyl, trityl, phthalimido, trichloroacetyl, chloroacetyl, bromoacetyl, iodoacetyl, 4-phenylbenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylbenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-ethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-fluorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2,4-dichlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 3-bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, 4-cyanobenzyloxycarbonyl, 2-(4-xenyl)isopropoxycarbonyl, 1,1-diphenyleth-1-yloxycarbonyl, 1,1-diphenylprop-1-yloxycarbonyl, 2-phenylprop-2-yloxycarbonyl, 2-(p-toluyl)prop-2-yloxycarbonyl, cyclopentanyloxycarbonyl, 1-methylcycoopentanyloxycarbonyl, cyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 1-methylcyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylcyclohexanyloxycarbonyl, 2-(4-toluylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethoxycarbonyl, 2-(triphenylphosphino)ethoxycarbonyl, fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl, allyloxycarbonyl, 1-(trimethylsilylmethyl)prop-1-enyloxycarbonyl, 5-benzisoxazoylmethoxycarbonyl, 4-acetoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2-ethynyl-2-propoxycarbonyl, cyclopropylmethoxycarbonyl, 4-(decyloxyl)benzyloxycarbonyl, isobornyloxycarbonyl, -phenyl-C(═N)—H, or 1-piperidyloxycarbonyl.  
     
   
   
       45 - 50 . (canceled)  
   
   
       51 . A compound of formula  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where R 1  is: 
 (V) —CH 2 -phenyl, where phenyl is substituted with two —F in the 3- and 5-positions giving 3,5-difluorophenyl, or  
 (VI) —(CH 2 ) n1 —(R 1-heteroaryl ), where n1 and R 1-heteroaryl  are as defined above; and  
 
       where R 2  is as defined in  claim 1 .  
     
   
   
       52 - 57 . (canceled)  
   
   
       58 . A compound of formula  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where R 1 , R 2  and R N  are as defined in  claim 1 .  
     
   
   
       59 - 72 . (canceled)  
   
   
       73 . A method of treating or preventing a disease or condition selected from Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Down's syndrome, Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-Type, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, degenerative dementia, diffuse Lewy body type of Alzheimer's disease or central or preipheral amyloid diseases in a patient who is in need of such treatment which comprises administration to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a hydroxyethylene compound of the formula  
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where R 1  is: 
 (I) C 1 -C 6  alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three C 1 -C 3  alkyl, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —OH, —NH 2 , —C≡N, —CF 3 , or —N 3 ,  
 (II) —(CH 2 ) 1-2 —S—CH 3 ,  
 (III) —CH 2 —CH 2 —S—CH 3 ,  
 (IV) —CH 2 —(C 2 -C 6  alkenyl) unsubstituted or substituted by one —F,  
 (V) —(CH 2 ) 0-3 —(R 1-aryl ) where R 1-aryl  is phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, indanyl, indenyl, dihydronaphthyl, tetralinyl unsubstituted or substituted on the aryl ring with one or two of the following substituents which can be the same or different: 
 (A) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (B) —CF 3 ,  
 (C) —F, Cl, —Br and —I,  
 (D) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (E) —O—CF 3 ,  
 (F) —NH 2 ,  
 (G) —OH, or  
 (H) —C≡N,  
 
 (VI) —(CH 2 ) n1 —(R 1-heteroaryl ) where n 1  is 0, 1, 2, or 3 and R 1-heteroaryl  is: 
 (A) pyridinyl,  
 (B) pyrimidinyl,  
 (C) quinolinyl,  
 (D) indenyl,  
 (E) indanyl,  
 (F) benzothiophenyl,  
 (G) indolyl,  
 (H) indolinyl,  
 (I) pyridazinyl,  
 (J) pyrazinyl,  
 (K) isoindolyl,  
 (L) isoquinolyl,  
 (M) quinazolinyl,  
 (N) quinoxalinyl,  
 (O) phthalazinyl,  
 (P) imidazolyl,  
 (Q) isoxazolyl,  
 (R) pyrazolyl,  
 (S) oxazolyl,  
 (T) thiazolyl,  
 (U) indolizinyl,  
 (V) indazolyl,  
 (W) benzothiazolyl,  
 (X) benzimidazolyl,  
 (Y) benzofuranyl,  
 (Z) furanyl,  
 (AA) thienyl,  
 (BB) pyrrolyl,  
 (CC) oxadiazolyl,  
 (DD) thiadiazolyl,  
 (EE) triazolyl,  
 (FF) tetrazolyl,  
 (GG) 1,4-benzodioxan  
 (HH) purinyl,  
 (II) oxazolopyridinyl,  
 (JJ) imidazopyridinyl,  
 (KK) isothiazolyl,  
 (LL) naphthyridinyl,  
 (MM) cinnolinyl,  
 (NN) carbazolyl,  
 (OO) β-carbolinyl,  
 (PP) isochromanyl,  
 (QQ) chromanyl,  
 (RR) furazanyl,  
 (SS) tetrahydroisoquinoline,  
 (TT) isoindolinyl,  
 (UU) isobenzotetrahydrofuranyl,  
 (VV) isobenzotetrahydrothienyl,  
 (WW) isobenzothiophenyl,  
 (XX) benzoxazolyl, or  
 (YY) pyridopyridinyl,  
  where the R 1-heteroaryl  group is bonded to —(CH 2 ) 0-3 — by any ring atom of the parent R N-heteroaryl  group substituted by hydrogen such that the new bond to the R 1-heteroaryl  group replaces the hydrogen atom and its bond, where heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two: 
 (1) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (2) —CF 3 ,  
 (3) —F, Cl, —Br, or —I,  
 (4) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (5) —O—CF 3 ,  
 (6) —NH 2 ,  
 (7) —OH, or  
 (8) —C≡N,  
 with the proviso that when n 1  is zero R 1-heteroaryl  is not bonded to the carbon chain by nitrogen, or  
 
 
 
       (VII) —(CH 2 ) n1 —(R 1-heterocycle ) where n 1  is as defined above and 
 R 1-heterocycle  is 
 (A) morpholinyl,  
 (B) thiomorpholinyl,  
 (C) thiomorpholinyl S-oxide,  
 (D) thiomorpholinyl S,S-dioxide,  
 (E) piperazinyl,  
 (F) homopiperazinyl,  
 (G) pyrrolidinyl,  
 (H) pyrrolinyl,  
 (I) tetrahydropyranyl,  
 (J) piperidinyl,  
 (K) tetrahydrofuranyl, or  
 (L) tetrahydrothiophenyl,  
  where the R 1-heterocycle  group is bonded by any atom of the parent R 1-heterocycle  group substituted by hydrogen such that the new bond to the R 1-heteroaryl  group replaces the hydrogen atom and its bond, where heterocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two: 
 (1) ═O,  
 (2) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (3) —CF 3 ,  
 (4) —F, Cl, —Br and —I,  
 (5) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (6) —O—CF 3 ,  
 (7) —NH 2 ,  
 (8) —OH, or  
 (9) —C≡N,  
 with the proviso that when n 1  is zero R 1-heterocycle  is not bonded to the carbon chain by nitrogen;  
 
 
 
       where R 2  is: 
 (I) —H,  
 (II) C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or  
 (III) —(CH 2 ) 0-4 —R 2-1  where R 2-1  is (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, R 1-aryl or R   1-heteroaryl  where R 1-aryl  and R 1-heteroaryl  are as defined above,  
 
       where R N  is: 
 (I) R N-1 —X N — where X N  is: 
 (A) —CO—,  
 (B) —SO 2 —,  
 (C) —(CR′R″) 1-6  where R′ and R″ are the same or different and are —H or C 1 -C 4  alkyl,  
 (D) —CO—(CR′R″) 1-6 —X N-1  where X N-1  is —O—, —S— and —NR′R″— and where R′ and R″ are as defined above,  
 (E) a single bond;  
 
 
       where R N- 1 is: 
 (A) R N-aryl  where R N-aryl  is phenyl, 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three or four of the following substituents which can be the same or different and are: 
 (1) C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (2) —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I,  
 (3) —OH,  
 (4) —NO 2 ,  
 (5) —CO—OH,  
 (6) —C≡N,  
 (7) —CO—NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are: 
 (a) —H,  
 (b) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one  
  (i) —OH, or  
  (ii) —NH 2 ,  
 (c) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one to three —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I,  
 (d) —C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl,  
 (e) —(C 1 -C 2  alkyl)-(C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl),  
 (f) —(C 1 -C 6  alkyl)-O—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl)  
 (g) —C 1 -C 6  alkenyl with one or two double bonds,  
 (h) —C 1 -C 6  alkynyl with one or two triple bonds,  
 (i) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl chain with one double bond and one triple bond,  
 (j) —R 1-aryl  where R 1-aryl  is as defined above, or  
 (k) —R 1-heteroaryl  where R 1-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 
 (8) —CO—(C 3 -C 12  alkyl),  
 (9) —CO—(C 3 -C 6  cycloalkyl),  
 (10) —CO—R 1-heteroaryl  where R 1-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (11) —CO—R 1-heterocycle  where R 1-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (12) —CO—R N-4  where R N-4  is morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl where each group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (13) —CO—O—R N-5  where R N-5  is: 
 (a) C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or  
 (b) —(CH 2 ) 0-2 —(R 1-aryl ) where R 1-aryl  is as defined above,  
 
 (14) —SO 2 —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are as defined above,  
 (15) —SO—(C 1 -C 8  alkyl),  
 (16) —SO 2 —(C 3 -C 12  alkyl),  
 (17) —NH—CO—O—R N-5  where R N-5  is as defined above,  
 (18) —NH—CO—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (19) —N—CS—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (20) —N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl)-CO—R N-5  where R N-5  is as defined above,  
 (21) —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  can be the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (22) —R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (23) —O—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (24) —O—CO—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (25) —O—CS—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2,  
 (26) —O—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (27) —O—(C 2 -C 5  alkyl)-COOH,  
 (28) —S—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (29) C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 —F,  
 (30) —O—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 —F, or  
 (31) —O-T,  
 
 (B) —R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is 
 (A) pyridinyl,  
 (B) pyrimidinyl,  
 (C) quinolinyl,  
 (D) indenyl,  
 (E) indanyl,  
 (F) benzothiophenyl,  
 (G) indolyl,  
 (H) indolinyl,  
 (I) pyridazinyl,  
 (J) pyrazinyl,  
 (K) isoindolyl,  
 (L) isoquinolyl,  
 (M) quinazolinyl,  
 (N) quinoxalinyl,  
 (O) phthalazinyl,  
 (P) imidazolyl,  
 (Q) isoxazolyl,  
 (R) pyrazolyl,  
 (S) oxazolyl,  
 (T) thiazolyl,  
 (U) indolizinyl,  
 (V) indazolyl,  
 (W) benzothiazolyl,  
 (X) benzimidazolyl,  
 (Y) benzofuranyl,  
 (Z) furanyl,  
 (AA) thienyl,  
 (BB) pyrrolyl,  
 (CC) oxadiazolyl,  
 (DD) thiadiazolyl,  
 (EE) triazolyl,  
 (FF) tetrazolyl,  
 (GG) 1,4-benzodioxan  
 (HH) purinyl,  
 (II) oxazolopyridinyl,  
 (JJ) imidazopyridinyl,  
 (KK) isothiazolyl,  
 (LL) naphthyridinyl,  
 (MM) cinnolinyl,  
 (NN) carbazolyl,  
 (OO) β-carbolinyl,  
 (PP) isochromanyl,  
 (QQ) chromanyl,  
 (RR) furazanyl,  
 (SS) tetrahydroisoquinoline,  
 (TT) isoindolinyl,  
 (UU) isobenzotetrahydrofuranyl,  
 (VV) isobenzotetrahydrothienyl,  
 (WW) isobenzothiophenyl,  
 (XX) benzoxazolyl, or  
 (YY) pyridopyridinyl,  
  where the R N-heteroaryl  group is bonded by any atom of the parent R N-heteroaryl  group substituted by hydrogen such that the new bond to the R N-heteroaryl  group replaces the hydrogen atom and its bond, where heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two: 
 (1) C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (2) —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I,  
 (3) —OH,  
 (4) —NO 2 ,  
 (5) —CO—OH,  
 (6) —C≡N,  
 (7) —CO—NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are:  
  (a) —H,  
  (b) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one  
  (i) —OH, or  
  (ii) —NH 2 ,  
  (c) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, or 3 —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I,  
  (d) —C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl,  
  (e) —(C 1 -C 2  alkyl)-(C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl),  
  (f) —(C 1 -C 6  alkyl)-O—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl),  
  (g) —C 1 -C 6  alkenyl with one or two double bonds,  
  (h) —C 1 -C 6  alkynyl with one or two triple bonds,  
  (i) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl chain with one double bond and one triple bond,  
  (j) —R 1-aryl  where R 1-aryl  is as defined above, or  
  (k) —R 1-heteroaryl  where R 1-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (8) —CO—(C 3 -C 12  alkyl),  
 (9) —CO—(C 3 -C 6  cycloalkyl),  
 (10) —CO—R 1-heteroaryl  where R 1-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (11) —CO—R 1-heterocycle  where R 1-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (12) —CO—R N-4  where R N-4  is morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl or pyrrolidinyl where each group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (13) —CO—O—R N-5  where R N-5  is:  
  (a) C 1 -C 6  alkyl, or  
  (b) —(CH 2 ) 0-2 —(R 1-aryl ) where R 1-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (14) —SO 2 —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are as defined above,  
 (15) —SO—(C 1 -C 8  alkyl),  
 (16) —SO 2  (C 3 -C 12  alkyl),  
 (17) —NH—CO—O—R N-5  where R N-5  is as defined above,  
 (18) —NH—CO—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (19) —N—CS—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (20) —N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl)-CO—R N-5  where R N-5  is as defined above,  
 (21) —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  can be the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (22) —R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (23) —O—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (24) —O—CO—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (25) —O—CS—N(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) 2 ,  
 (26) —O—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (27) —O—(C 2 -C 5  alkyl)-COOH, or  
 (28) —S—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 
 (C) —R N-aryl —R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (D) —R N-aryl —R N-heteroaryl  where —R N-aryl  and —R N-heteroaryl  are as defined above,  
 (E) —R N-heteroaryl —R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  and —R N-heteroaryl  are as defined above,  
 (F) —R N-heteroaryl —R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (G) —R N-aryl —O—R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (H) —R N-aryl —S—R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (I) —R N-heteroaryl —O—R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (J) —R N-heteroaryl —S—R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (K) —R N-aryl —CO—R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (L) —R N-aryl —CO—R N-heteroaryl  where —R N-aryl  and R N-heteroaryl  are as defined above,  
 (M) —R N-aryl —SO 2 —R N-aryl  where —R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (N) —R N-heteroaryl —CO—R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (O) —R N-heteroaryl —SO 2 —R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (P) —R N-aryl —O—(C 1 -C 8  alkyl)-φ where R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (Q) —R N-aryl —S—(C 1 -C 8  alkyl)-φ where R N-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (R) —R N-heteroaryl —O(C 1 -C 8  alkyl)-φ where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above, or  
 (S) —R N-heteroaryl —S—(C 1 -C 8  alkyl)-φ where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 
 (II) A-X N — where X N  is —CO—,  
 
       wherein A is 
 (A) -T-E-(Q) m′ , 
 (1) where -T is  
                     
  where 
 (a) x=1 when y=1 and x=2 when y=0,  
 (b) m is 0, 1, 2 or 3,  
 (c) the values of x and y vary independently on each carbon when m is 2 and 3, and  
 (d) R′″ varies independently on each carbon and is H, (C 1 -C 2 )alkyl, phenyl, or phenyl(C 1 -C 3 )alkyl;  
 
 (2) -E is 
 (a) C 1 -C 5  alkyl, but only if m′ does not equal 0,  
 (b) methylthioxy(C 2 -C 4 )alkyl,  
 (c) an aryl group having 5 to 7 atoms when monocyclic or having 8 to 12 atoms when fused,  
 (d) a heterocyclic group having 5 to 7 atoms when monocyclic or having 8 to 12 atoms when fused,  
 (e) a mono or fused ring cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms,  
 (f) biphenyl,  
 (g) diphenyl ether,  
 (h) diphenylketone,  
 (i) phenyl(C 1 -C 8 )alkyloxyphenyl, or  
 (j) C 1 -C 6  alkoxy;  
 
 (3) -Q is 
 (a) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (b) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (c) C 1 -C 3  alkylthioxy,  
 (d) C 1 -C 6  alkylacylamino,  
 (e) C 1 -C 6  alkylacyloxy,  
 (f) amido (including primary, C 1 -C 6  alkyl and phenyl secondary and tertiary amino moieties),  
 (g) C 1 -C 6  alkylamino  
 (h) phenylamino,  
 (i) carbamyl (including C 1 -C 6  alkyl and phenyl amides and esters),  
 (j) carboxyl (including C 1 -C 6  alkyl and phenyl esters),  
 (k) carboxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkoxy,  
 (l) carboxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkylthioxy,  
 (m) heterocyclylacyl,  
 (n) heteroarylacyl, or  
 (o) hydroxyl;  
 
 (4) m′ is 0, 1, 2 or 3;  
 
 (B) -E(Q) m″  wherein E and -Q are as defined as above and m″ is 0, 1, 2, or 3;  
 (C) -T-E wherein -E and -Q are as defined as above; or  
 (D) -E wherein -E is as defined as above;  
 
       (III) —CO—(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) where alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two: 
 (A) —OH,  
 (B) —C 1 -C 6  alkoxy,  
 (C) —C 1 -C 6  thioalkoxy,  
 (D) —CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is —H, C 1 -C 6  alkyl or -φ,  
 (E) —CO—NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (F) —CO—R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (G) —SO 2 —(C 1 -C 8  alkyl),  
 (H) —SO 2 —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (I) —NH—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (J) —NH—CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is as defined above,  
 (K) —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (L) —R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (M) —O—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl)I  
 (N) —O—CO—NR N-8 R N-8  where the R N-8  is the same or different and are as defined above, or  
 (O) —O—(C 1 -C 5  alkyl)-COOH,  
 
       (IV) —CO—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl)-O—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) where alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two 
 (A) —OH,  
 (B) —C 1 -C 6  alkoxy,  
 (C) —C 1 -C 6  thioalkoxy,  
 (D) —CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is —H, C 1 -C 6  alkyl or -φ,—(P,  
 (E) —CO—NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (F) —CO—R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (G) —SO 2 —(C 1 -C 8  alkyl),  
 (H) —SO 2 —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (I) —NH—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (J) —NH—CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is as defined above,  
 (K) —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (L) —R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (M) —O—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (N) —O—CO—NR N-8 R N-8  where the R N-8  are the same or different and are as defined above, or  
 (O) —O—(C 1 -C 5  alkyl)-COOH,  
 
       (V) —CO—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl)-S—(C 1 -C 3  alkyl) where alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or two 
 (A) —OH,  
 (B) —C 1 -C 6  alkoxy,  
 (C) —C 1 -C 6  thioalkoxy,  
 (D) —CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is —H, C 1 -C 6  alkyl or -φ,  
 (E) —CO—NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (F) —CO—R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (G) —SO 2 —(C 1 -C 8  alkyl),  
 (H) —SO 2 —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (I) —NH—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (J) —NH—CO—O—R N-8  where R N-8  is as defined above,  
 (K) —NR N-2 R N-3  where R N-2  and R N-3  are the same or different and are as defined above,  
 (L) —R N-4  where R N-4  is as defined above,  
 (M) —O—CO—(C 1 -C 6  alkyl),  
 (N) —O—CO—NR N-8 R N-8  where the R N-8  are the same or different and are as defined above, or  
 (O) —O—(C 1 -C 5  alkyl)-COOH,  
 
       (VI) —CO—CH(—(CH 2 ) 0-2 —O—R N-0 )—(CH 2 ) 0-2 —R N-aryl /R N-heteroaryl ) where R N-aryl  and R N-heteroaryl  are as defined above, where R N-10  is: 
 (A) —H,  
 (B) C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (C) C 3 -C 7  cycloalkyl,  
 (D) C 2 -C 6  alkenyl with one double bond,  
 (E) C 2 -C 6  alkynyl with one triple bond,  
 (F) R 1-aryl  where R 1-aryl  is as defined above, or  
 (G) R N-heteroaryl  where R N-heteroaryl  is as defined above;  
 
       where B is —O—, —NH—, or —N(C 1 -C 6  alkyl)-;  
       where R C  is: 
 (I) —(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl-K 1-3  in which: 
 (A) the alkyl chain is unsubstituted or substituted with one —OH,  
 (B) the alkyl chain is unsubstituted or substituted with one C 1 -C 6  alkoxy unsubstituted or substituted with 1-5 —F,  
 (C) the alkyl chain is unsubstituted or substituted with one —O-φ,  
 (D) the alkyl chain is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-5 —F,  
 (E) the alkyl chain is unsubstituted or substituted with a combination of up to three atoms of oxygen and sulfur each such atom replacing one carbon,  
 (F) each K is: 
 (1) H,  
 (2) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (3) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (4) C 1 -C 3  alkylthioxy,  
 (5) C 1 -C 6  alkylacylamino,  
 (6) C 1 -C 6  alkylacyloxy,  
 (7) amido  
 (8) C 1 -C 6  alkylamino  
 (9) phenylamino,  
 (10) carbamyl  
 (11) carboxyl  
 (12) carboxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkoxy,  
 (13) carboxy(C 2 -C 5 )alkylthioxy,  
 (14) heterocyclylacyl,  
 (15) heteroarylacyl,  
 (16) amino unsubstituted or substituted with C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (17) hydroxyl, or  
 (18) carboxylmethyl ester;  
 
 
 (II) —(CH 2 ) 0-3 -J-[(—(CH 2 ) 0-3 —K] 1-3  where K is as defined above and J is: 
 (A) a 5 to 7 atom monocyclic aryl group,  
 (B) a 8 to 12 atom multicyclic aryl group,  
 (C) a 5 to 7 atom heterocyclic group,  
 (D) a 8 to 12 atom multicyclic heterocyclic group, or  
 (E) a 5 to 10 atom monocyclic or multicyclic cycloalkyl group;  
 
 (III) —(CH 2 ) 0-3 —(C 3 -C 7 )cycloalkyl where cycloalkyl can be unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three 
 (A) C 1 -C 3  alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 —F, 
 —Cl, —Br, or —I,  
 
 (B) —CO—OH,  
 (C) —CO—O—(C 1 -C 4  alkyl),  
 (D) —OH, or  
 (E) C 1 -C 6  alkoxy,  
 
 (IV) —(CH 2 ) 2-6 —OH,  
 (V) —(CR C-x R C-y ) 0-4 —R C-aryl  where R C-1  and R C-y  are —H, C 1 -C 4  alkyl and φ- and R C-aryl  is the same as R N-aryl ,  
 (VI) —(CH 2 ) 0-4 —R C-heteroaryl  where R C-heteroaryl  is: 
 (A) pyridinyl,  
 (B) pyrimidinyl,  
 (C) quinolinyl,  
 (D) indenyl,  
 (E) indanyl,  
 (F) benzothiophenyl,  
 (G) indolyl,  
 (H) indolinyl,  
 (I) pyridazinyl,  
 (J) pyrazinyl,  
 (K) isoindolyl,  
 (L) isoquinolyl,  
 (M) quinazolinyl,  
 (N) quinoxalinyl,  
 (O) phthalazinyl,  
 (P) isoxazolyl,  
 (Q) pyrazolyl,  
 (R) indolizinyl,  
 (S) indazolyl,  
 (T) benzothiazolyl,  
 (U) benzimidazolyl,  
 (V) benzofuranyl,  
 (W) furanyl,  
 (X) thienyl,  
 (Y) pyrrolyl,  
 (Z) oxadiazolyl,  
 (AA) thiadiazolyl,  
 (BB) triazolyl,  
 (CC) tetrazolyl,  
 (DD) 1,4-benzodioxan  
 (EE) purinyl,  
 (FF) oxazolopyridinyl,  
 (GG) imidazopyridinyl,  
 (HH) isothiazolyl,  
 (II) naphthyridinyl,  
 (JJ) cinnolinyl,  
 (KK) carbazolyl,  
 (LL) β-carbolinyl,  
 (MM) isochromanyl,  
 (NN) chromanyl,  
 (OO) furazanyl,  
 (PP) tetrahydroisoquinoline,  
 (QQ) isoindolinyl,  
 (RR) isobenzotetrahydrofuranyl,  
 (SS) isobenzotetrahydrothienyl,  
 (TT) isobenzothiophenyl,  
 (UU) benzoxazolyl, or  
 (VV) pyridopyridinyl,  
 
 (VII) —(CH 2 ) 0-4 —R C-heterocycle  where R C-heterocycle  is the same as R 1-heterocycle ,  
 (VIII) —C(R C-1 )(R C-2 )—CO—NH—R C-3  where R C-1  and R C-2  are the same or different and are: 
 (A) —H,  
 (B) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (C) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C′-aryl  where R C′-aryl  is as defined above for R 1-aryl ,  
 (D) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C-heteroaryl  where R C-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (E) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C-heterocycle  where R C-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (F) —R C-heteroaryl  where R C-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (G) —R C-heterocycle  where R C-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (H) —(CH 2 ) 1-4 —OH,  
 (I) —(CH 2 ) 1-4 —R C-4 —(CH 2 ) 1-4 —R C′-aryl  where R C-4  is —O—, S—, —NH— or 
 —NHR C-5 — where R C-5  is C 1 -C 6  alkyl, and where R C′-aryl  is as defined above,  
 
 (J) —(CH 2 ) 1-4 —R C-4 —(CH 2 ) 1-4 —R C-heteroaryl  where R C-4  and R C-heteroaryl  are as defined above, or  
 (K) —R C′-aryl  where R C′-aryl  is as defined above, and where R C-3  is:  
 (A) —H,  
 (B) —C 1 -C 6  alkyl,  
 (C) —R C′-aryl  where R C′-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (D) —R C-heteroaryl  where R C-heteroaryl  is as defined above,  
 (E) —R C-heterocycle  where R C-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 (F) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C′-aryl  where R C′-aryl  is as defined above,  
 (G) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C-heteroaryl  where R C-heteroaryl  is as defined above, or  
 (H) —(C 1 -C 4  alkyl)-R C-heterocycle  where R C-heterocycle  is as defined above,  
 
 (IX) —CH(φ) 2 ,  
 (X) -cyclopentyl or -cyclohexyl ring fused to a phenyl or heteroaryl ring where heteroaryl is as defined above and phenyl and heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted with one, two or three: 
 (A) C 1 -C 3  alkyl,  
 (B) —CF 3 ,  
 (C) —F, Cl, —Br and —I,  
 (D) C 1 -C 3  alkoxy,  
 (E) —OCF 3 ,  
 (F) —NH 2 ,  
 (G) —OH, or  
 (H) —C≡N,  
 
 (XI) —CH 2 —C≡CH;  
 (XII) —(CH 2 ) 0-1 —CHR C-5 —(CH 2 ) 0-1 -φ where R C-5  is: 
 (A) —OH, or  
 (B) —CH 2 —OH;  
 
 (XIII) —CH(-φ)-CO—O(C 1 -C 3  alkyl);  
 (XIV) —CH(—CH 2 —OH)—CH(—OH)-φ-NO 2 ;  
 (XV) —(CH 2 ) 2 —O—(CH 2 ) 2 —OH;  
 (XVI) —CH 2 —NH—CH 2 —CH(—O—CH 2 —CH 3 ) 2;  
 (XVII) —(C 2 -C 8 )alkynyl; or  
 (XVIII) —H; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.  
 
     
   
   
       74 - 141 . (canceled)

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