Multi-configurable sensing array and methods of using same

Abstract

Disclosed herein are devices, apparatus, systems, methods and kits for performing immunoassay tests on a sample. The A sensing apparatus is provided for detecting a plurality of different target analytes in a sample. The apparatus may comprise an array of sensing devices provided on a substrate, each sensing device in the array comprising a working electrode having (1) semiconducting nanostructures disposed thereon and (2) a capture reagent coupled to the semiconducting nanostructures that selectively binds to a different target analyte in the sample. The apparatus may also comprise sensing circuitry that (1) simultaneously detects changes to electron and ion mobility and charge accumulation in the array of sensing devices when the capture reagents in the array of sensing devices selectively bind to the plurality of different target analytes, and (2) determines the presence and concentrations of the plurality of different target analytes in the sample based on the detected changes.

1 .- 52 . (canceled) 
     
     
         53 . An apparatus comprising:
 an array of a plurality of sensing devices provided on a substrate, wherein each sensing device in the array comprises:
 a working electrode with semiconducting nanostructures disposed thereon; 
 a capture reagent coupled to the semiconducting nanostructures to selectively bind to a respective target analyte in a sample; and 
 a respective counter electrode; and 
   at least one common reference electrode shared by two or more of the plurality of sensing devices.   
     
     
         54 . The apparatus of  claim 53 , wherein the sensing circuitry is to simultaneously detect changes to electron and ion mobility and charge accumulation in the array of sensing devices when the capture reagents in the array of sensing devices selectively bind to corresponding target analytes. 
     
     
         55 . The apparatus of  claim 53 , wherein the apparatus is to detect any one of a plurality of different analytes present in the sample using the array of sensing devices and sensing circuitry. 
     
     
         56 . The apparatus of  claim 55 , wherein the array of sensing devices comprises sensing devices with different capture reagents to selective bind to different analytes in the plurality of analytes. 
     
     
         57 . The apparatus of  claim 55 , wherein the apparatus is configured to detect the plurality of different target analytes in the sample, wherein the sample has a volume of less than 30 μL. 
     
     
         58 . The apparatus of  claim 53 , further comprising sensing circuitry to determine both presence and concentration of one or more of the respective target analytes from the array of sensing devices. 
     
     
         59 . The apparatus of  claim 53 , wherein the common reference electrode is located between the respective working electrode and the counter electrode of the two or more sensing devices. 
     
     
         60 . The apparatus of  claim 59 , wherein the two or more sensing devices comprise a first sensing device and a second sensing device, the working electrode and the counter electrode of a first sensing device are located in proximity to each other in a first region of the substrate, and the working electrode and the counter electrode of a second sensing device are located in proximity to each other in a second region of the substrate. 
     
     
         61 . The apparatus of  claim 60 , wherein the common reference electrode is located in an overlapping region between the first and second regions. 
     
     
         62 . The apparatus of  claim 60 , wherein the first sensing device comprises a first capture reagent that selectively binds to a first target analyte in the sample, and the second sensing device comprises a second capture reagent that selectively binds to a second target analyte in the sample. 
     
     
         63 . The apparatus of  claim 62 , wherein the first and second target analytes are different biomarkers. 
     
     
         64 . The apparatus of  claim 62 , wherein the first and second target analytes are different isoforms of a same type of biomarker. 
     
     
         65 . The apparatus of  claim 53 , wherein two or more sensing devices in the array comprise working electrodes having the same type of semiconducting nanostructures. 
     
     
         66 . The apparatus of  claim 53 , wherein two or more sensing devices in the array comprise working electrodes having different types of semiconducting nanostructures. 
     
     
         67 . The apparatus of  claim 53 , wherein the sample comprises at least one of sweat, blood, serum, or urine of a human subject. 
     
     
         68 . A method comprising:
 providing a sample on a test device comprising an array of sensing devices provided on a substrate;   sensing, using the array of sensing devices, any one of a plurality of different target analytes, wherein each sensing device in the array comprises a working electrode with semiconducting nanostructures disposed thereon and a capture reagent coupled to the semiconducting nanostructures to selectively bind to and sense a respective target analyte in the sample; and   determining, from the array of sensing devices both presence and concentration of one or more of the respective target analytes from the array of sensing devices.   
     
     
         69 . A system comprising:
 a module comprising:
 an array of a plurality of sensing devices provided on a substrate, wherein the each sensing device in the array comprises:
 a working electrode with semiconducting nanostructures disposed thereon; 
 a capture reagent coupled to the semiconducting nanostructures to selectively bind to a respective target analyte in a sample; and 
 a respective counter electrode; and 
 
 at least one common reference electrode shared by two or more of the plurality of sensing devices; and 
   sensing circuitry to determine both presence and concentration of one or more of the respective target analytes from the array of sensing devices.   
     
     
         70 . The system of  claim 69 , wherein the module and sensing circuitry are present on a particular device. 
     
     
         71 . The system of  claim 70 , wherein the particular device comprises a wearable device to be worn on a portion of a user's body. 
     
     
         72 . The system of  claim 69 , further comprising a portable health diagnostics system comprising the sensing circuitry, wherein the portable health diagnostics system is to inspect the module. 
     
     
         73 . A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to:
 collect electrical signals from an array of sensing devices provided on a substrate, each sensing device in the array comprising a working electrode comprising: semiconducting nanostructures disposed thereon and a capture reagent coupled to the semiconducting nanostructures to selectively bind to a respective target analyte;   simultaneously detect changes to electron and ion mobility and charge accumulation from the collected electrical signals when the capture reagents in the array of sensing devices selectively bind to the corresponding target analytes in the sample; and   determine the presence and concentrations of the plurality of different target analytes in the sample based on the detected changes.