Inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with vertical structure

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a field of aluminum smelting, and in particular to an inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with a vertical structure, which includes: an electrolytic cell shell ( 1 ), a heating device ( 5 ) and a graphite base ( 13 ). The electrolytic cell shell ( 1 ) is provided with three insulating layers therein. The heating device ( 5 ) is disposed in the groove on the first insulating layer ( 4 ) The graphite base ( 13 ) is disposed at a bottom of an inner cavity of the electrolytic cell shell ( 1 ). A bottom of the graphite base ( 13 ) is opened with a mounting slot. The cathode is vertically mounted in the installation slot. The anode ( 17 ) is arranged in a staggered manner with the cathodes ( 16 ) and is suspended above the electrolytic cell shell ( 1 ) by connecting to a guide rod ( 11 ). A current of the anode ( 17 ) passes through the guide rod ( 11 ) and enters an interior of the electrolytic cell shell ( 1 ) from a top of the electrolytic cell, and the cathode ( 16 ) current is led out of the electrolytic cell shell through a metal electric rod ( 12 ). The present disclosure can meet the needs of electrolytic cells of different sizes, and the following problems are solved: the electrolytic cell needs to be heated and thermal insulated when the scale of the electrolytic cell is small; the side walls within the electrolytic cell shell are easily corroded without a protection of a frozen ledge; and the electrolyte melt easily penetrates through the splicing gaps of the furnace to damage the thermal-insulation layer, and there are difficulties in effective conductive connection between a vertical wettable cathode ( 16 ) and the bottom of the electrolytic cell.

1 . An inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with a vertical structure, comprising:
 an electrolytic cell shell, provided with three insulating layers therein, wherein the three insulating layers comprise a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer and a third insulating layer; the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer have both fixed structures; the first insulating layer is opened with a groove thereon, and an opening of the groove is upward; and the third insulating layer has a replaceable and movable structure;   a heating device, disposed in the groove on the first insulating layer, and configured to adjust a temperature of the electrolytic cell;   a graphite base, disposed at a bottom of an inner cavity of the electrolytic cell shell, and opened with a mounting slot at a bottom thereof, wherein side walls of the second insulation layer and the bottom of the graphite base each are attached to the third insulating layer to form a furnace of the electrolytic cell, and the furnace of the electrolytic cell is configured to contain an electrolyte melt and an aluminum liquid; and   cathodes, being in a shape of a vertical plate, vertically mounted in the mounting slot, and threadedly connected to the graphite base through graphite bolts, wherein contact surfaces among the graphite base, the graphite bolts and the cathodes are all covered with a cathode paste; one side of the cathodes is provided with anodes, and the anodes and cathodes are staggered; the cathodes are suspended above the electrolytic cell shell by connecting to a guide rod; a current of the anodes passes through the guide rod and enters an interior of the electrolytic cell shell from a top of the electrolytic cell; and a current of the cathodes passes through the graphite base and is led out of the electrolytic cell shell through a metal electric rod connected to the graphite base.   
     
     
         2 . The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with the vertical structure according to  claim 1 , wherein the heating device adopts a direct current for heating, and is provided with a heat generation element therein, and the heat generation element is coke particles or a first metal heating plate or a second metal heating plate. 
     
     
         3 . The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with the vertical structure according to  claim 2 , wherein the coke particles comprise one or more of petroleum coke particles, graphite particles, and a graphite powder; the coke particles are inserted with a negative graphite rod and a positive graphite rod therein; the negative electrode graphite rod is configured to export the direct current, and the positive electrode graphite rod is configured to import the direct current. 
     
     
         4 . The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with the vertical structure according to  claim 1 , wherein an thermal insulation cover is disposed at the groove of the first insulating layer, and configured to reduce an oxidation and burning loss of the coke particles. 
     
     
         5 . The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with the vertical structure according to  claim 2 , wherein materials of the first metal heating plate and the second metal heating plate are both one of 310S stainless steel, Aludirome, Monel, and Inconel alloy; and the first metal heating plate or the second metal heating plate is filled with an industrial alumina or a corundum sand therein, to reduce an oxidation of the first metal heating plate or the second metal heating plate in a heating process with the direct current passing therethrough. 
     
     
         6 . The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with the vertical structure according to  claim 1 , wherein the cathode adopts a TiB 2 —C composite hot-pressed ceramic, and a content of mass percentage of TiB 2  is ≥60%. 
     
     
         7 . The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with the vertical structure according to  claim 1 , wherein the first insulating layer is integrally formed by pouring a corundum castable; the second insulating layer is made of a material that is resistant to oxidation and electrolyte corrosion; the material of the second insulating layer is one of a NiFe 2 O 4  ceramic, a NiFe 2 O 4 —NiO ceramic, a dense corundum, a boron nitride ceramic, an aluminum nitride ceramic, a silicon nitride ceramic, a silicon carbide ceramic, and a ceramic formed by combining a silicon carbide with a silicon nitride; and the third insulating layer is made of a dense corundum material. 
     
     
         8 . The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with the vertical structure according to  claim 1 , wherein a shape of an interior of the furnace of the electrolytic cell is circular or rectangle. 
     
     
         9 . The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with the vertical structure according to  claim 1 , wherein a first anti-seepage thermal-insulation layer is provided outside the three insulating layers within the electrolytic cell shell, and the first anti-seepage thermal-insulation layer comprises from an inside to an outside in sequence: a dry barrier material layer, a ceramic fiber plate, and a steel cell shell. 
     
     
         10 . The inert anode aluminum electrolytic cell with the vertical structure according to  claim 1 , wherein a second anti-seepage thermal-insulation layer is provided under a graphite base at a bottom of an interior of the electrolytic cell shell, and the second anti-seepage thermal-insulation layer includes from an inside to an outside in sequence: a corundum castable, a dry barrier material layer, a ceramic fiber plate, and a steel cell shell.